1. War of 1812

2. A. Election of
1808

3. The Election
James Madison wins
Two Terms

4. B. Mr. Madison
as President

5. Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)
Replaced Non-Intercourse Act that expired in 1810
Provisions:
No trade with Britain or France unless they agreed to honor neutrality
The 1st to agree, the U.S. would resume trade with
Madison angry
proved the U.S. could not survive without Britain & France

6. Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)
Napoleon takes advantage of the new law & agrees to honor neutrality
Hopes to force a war between Britain & the U.S.
Trade resumes with France
Britain resumes attacking American ships

7. Dealing with the Natives
Americans are expanding to the West
Indian Intercourse Act (1790): U.S. could only acquire land ceded by the Indians
Tecumseh & the Prophet were the leaders of a new Northwest Confederation of Indians in Ohio & Indiana
Began an active resistance movement with the assistance of the British
British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

9. Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)
General William Henry Harrison is the governor of the Indiana Territory
Treaty of Ft. Wayne (1809): Indians signed away 3 million acres of land to the U.S.
Tecumseh & Shawnees begin a war against Harrison
1811: Tecumseh goes to the South to recruit the Southern tribes
The Prophet fought against Harrison and was defeated and killed at Tippecanoe
This made Harrison a national hero & Tecumseh formed an alliance with the British

10. War Hawks vs. Federalists
War Hawks – those who wanted to go to war with Britain from the D-R Party
Mainly from the West & South
Hoped to acquire more land for more expansion
End attacks coming from Native Americans
Two main War Hawks:
Henry Clay (KY)
John C. Calhoun (SC)

11. War Hawks vs. Federalists
Federalists did not want to go to war
Trade with Britain benefitted them
Mainly New England merchants that were against the war
Main Federalist:
Daniel Webster (NH)

12. C. War is
Declared

13. War is Declared
President Madison asked Congress for a Declaration of War on June 1, 1812
His Reasons:
1. British Impressment of American Soldiers & other violations of neutrality
2. Pressure from the War Hawks
3. British arming of Hostile Native Americans
Congress declared war 2 weeks later

14. American Advantages/Disadvantages
Britain was fighting in Europe too
Disadvantages:
Army was ill-trained and ill-disciplined
Navy had 12 ships compared to Britain’s 800
Had some really old generals
No Draft = No men
Financially Unprepared
No tariffs = no income
Regional Disagreements
Fighting the British & the Native Americans

15. Essex Junto
Extreme Federalists who believed that this was an unjust war and worked to support the British
Supplied food & money to Britain (mainly in Canada) fighting against the U.S.
New England refused to help war effort – governors would not allow militias to fight out of their states
Referred to the war as “Mr. Madison’s War”

16. D. The War

17. The War Itself
Lasted from

18. Major Events of the War Washington, D.C. is burned down
The Star Spangled Banner is written

19. The Hartford Convention
Some radicals brought up secession
Demands made moot by the end of the war
Was the death knell of the Federalists – seen as traitors
Meeting in Dec 1814-Jan 1815
26 delegates from MA, RI, CT, VT, NH (Federalists)
Met to discuss their grievances & seek redress b/c of the war
Wanted amendments added to the Constitution
Limit presidents to 1 term
Need 2/3 majority for embargos & war
No successive presidents from the same state

20. E. End of the War

21. Treaty of Ghent Neither side was winning
U.S. had trouble fighting, British distracted by France
Met in Ghent, Belgium to discuss a peace treaty
Signed December 24, 1814
Provisions:
The status quo was restored

22. Battle of New Orleans
Communication was slow – no one knew the war was over
Largest battle took place after the treaty was signed

23. Effects of the War Nationalism Economic Independence
Finally identify themselves as “Americans”
Growing pride in the nation
Nation starts to become more important than the states
Economic Independence
Developed own industries
Not relying on Europe for finished products