1. Let’s Get PHYSICAL Baby
Clip Art
dcnr.state.pa.us
moldychum.typepad.com
Let’s Get PHYSICAL Baby
By Oscar Li, Bryan Auvil, Max Watkins, Brandon Haines, and Anil Yelamarty

2. IMPORTANT NOTE
Although Oscar isn’t here for the presentation, he did a lot of work on the PowerPoint.

3. General Overview Flow Rate of Leibert Creek
Sediment Discharge of Little Lehigh
Procedures
Discussion of physical factors
Analysis
fws.gov

4. How Do I Use The Flow Rate Meter?
Use of flow rate meter
Put bottom side in water
Make sure arrow is pointing in the direction of the water flow
Take measurements every 3 feet
Make sure to move the meter up and down
(each measurement should take about 40 seconds)

5. But How Do I Calculate Flow???
Multiply velocity (from meter) ft/sec by area in ft2 to get velocity for that division of the stream in ft3/sec.
Add all flow rates to get total cubic feet/second = ft3/sec
(2.329 ft3/1 second)(7.44 gallons/1 ft3)(3600 sec/1 hour)(1 day/24 hours) = 1,497, gallons/day

6. Flow Readings of Little Lehigh in Allentown
Where readings were taken
Date/Time Gage Height (ft) Discharge ft^3/s
The arrows indicate the approximate time Mr. Baier took the samples
These readings can be accessed by clicking the link. The website provides a variety of information about the Little Lehigh

7. Sediment Flow in Little Lehigh
Calculate Total Solids
Take TDS Reading (0.165 mg/L)
Weigh empty beakers, add sediment water
Dry beakers, weigh to determine TS (0.181 mg/L)
Subtract TDS from total solids to get sediment level ( mg/L)
Discharge Rate from US Government water data site on October 6th = 190 cubic feet/sec = gal/min
(.0161mg/L)( lbs/mg)(3.79L/gal)(84816gal/min)(60min/hour) = lbs/hour(24hours/day)=16.4 lbs/day

8. Analysis TS factors Effects Solutions Temperature
Riparian Buffer
Analysis
TS factors
Erosion, sediment runoff (result from construction, deforestation, agriculture, etc.)
Effects
Can suffocate organisms (Ex. Clogging fish gills, burying macros)
Turbidity can affect fish’s ability to feed (cloud water), killing or displacing populations, which also affects humans
Solutions
Riparian buffers can help prevent erosion
Better laws and regulations regarding construction
Temperature
Can affect DO level
if stream gets to shallow because of increased sediment, temperature will be more variable, changing the ecosystem
ent.iastate.edu

9. Works Cited
"Effects of Sedimentation on Biodiversity in Rivers and Streams of the Southeastern United States." USGS Water Resources of the United States. Web. 08 Nov < "How Suspended Organic Sediment Affects Turbidity and Fish Feeding Behavior." Sound Waves - U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Science Monthly Newsletter. Web. 08 Nov < "Riparian Buffers." Department of Soil Science at NC State University, Main Page. Web. 08 Nov < "River Erosion." Oracle Think Quest. Oracle. Web. 8 Nov < "USGS Real-Time Water Data for USGS Little Lehigh Creek near Allentown, PA." USGS Water Data for the Nation. Web. 08 Nov <