1. Chap 2 Biochemistry
The Chemistry of Life

2. - Elements and Atoms
Subatomic Particle
Abbr.
Charge
Mass
Ions:

3. Hydrogen Atom – Bohr Model

4. - Elements and Atoms
Why unstable?

5. - Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table

6. What is C’s atomic number?
How many electrons are needed in the outer orbital to be stable?

7. - Ionic Bonds

8. - Covalent Bonds

9. - Covalent Bonds

10. - Covalent Bond Types

11. - Covalent Bonds and Polarity
Why are the electrons pulled?

12. Properties of Water due to its polarity
Cohesion
Adhesion
Nearly Universal Solvent
Why do oil and water not mix?
High Specific Heat (thermal capacity)

13. The picture shows a droplet of water hanging on the tip of a leaf
The picture shows a droplet of water hanging on the tip of a leaf. How do the physical properties of water result in the image shown?
Cohesion:
Adhesion:

14. Increase Volume, Decrease Density
Van der Walls Forces:
Example:
Hydrogen Bond Interactions
Liquid water solution
Solid (frozen) water
Increase Volume, Decrease Density
Why is it important solid water floats in biology?

15. When lettuce is frozen and then thawed, it’s texture changes
When lettuce is frozen and then thawed, it’s texture changes. Using the image above, why does freezing cause this change?
Crash Course Biology - Water

16. NaCl = ?
Disassociation/Dissolving =
Ion formation

17. - Acids and Bases in Solution
pH:

18. Neutralization Reaction
NaOH solution =
HCl solution =
Litmus paper
HCl(sol) + NaOH(sol) 

20. Acid Precipitation Formation:
Problems:
Fix:

21. always have ______ and ______ always form _________ bonds
- Properties of Carbon
Organic Molecules:
always have ______ and ______
always form _________ bonds

22. - Carbon Compounds – Bond types

23. - Life With Carbon Monomers

24. Hydrolysis (digestion) vs. Dehydration synthesis
- Life With Carbon
Hydrolysis (digestion) vs. Dehydration synthesis
Polymers
Monomers

25. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

26. - Life With Carbon
Example of a carbohydrate
Uses:

28. Saccharides MONO- Soluble Fructose Fruit sugar Galactose
Glucose
Primary energy source in cells
Fructose
Fruit sugar
Galactose
Component of lactose
DI-
Sucrose
Common table sugar; transported in the phloem of green plants (glucose + fructose)
Maltose
Least common natural disaccharide, but an important polysaccharide intermediate (glucose + glucose)
Lactose
Milk sugar (glucose +galactose)
POLY- Insoluble: giant glucose polymers
Glycogen
Animal energy store in the liver
Starch
Plant energy store; mostly contained in granules in chloroplasts
Cellulose
Main component of plant cell walls
Saccharides

29. - Life With Carbon

30. - Life With Carbon
Jack Sprat
Uses:

31. - Life With Carbon

33. What are the uses of fats in a single cell compared to a whale?

34. - Life With Carbon Why do insects and plants have waxy coatings?
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Why do insects and plants have waxy coatings?
Is wax a saturated or unsaturated fat?

35. Lipids as Chemical Messengers = Hormones

36. - Life With Carbon
Use:
RNA:
DNA:
Types:

37. - Life With Carbon Base Pairing – Van der Walls Forces G – Guanine
C – Cytosine
T- Thymine
A - Adenine
Base Pairing – Van der Walls Forces

38. - Life With Carbon
Gene – group of codons instructing the formation of a functional protein

39. - Life With Carbon
Peptide Bonds
C-N

41. - Life With Carbon

42. - Life With Carbon
Amino Acids (AA’s)
Known:
In Cells:

45. - Life With Carbon
Uses:
Shape Dictates Function!!!!!!

46. Uses:

47. Activation Energy:
Reactants:
Products:
Ex: C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O

48. Enzymes – organic catalysts
- reduce or eliminate activation energy
- unchanged by the reaction
Letter at the beach example

49. Lock and Key Theory
1 Enzyme for 1 Reaction:
Hydrolysis or Dehydration Synthesis
Affected by temperature, pH and pressure
-denature:
- example: fried egg

50. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen. Examples include oxygen ions and peroxides. ROS are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis.[1] However, during times of environmental stress (e.g., UV or heat exposure), ROS levels can increase dramatically.[1] This may result in significant damage to cell structures. Cumulatively, this is known as oxidative stress. ROS are also generated by exogenous sources such as ionizing radiation.

52. Protein Synthesis

53. Melanin biosynthetic pathway

54. or

55. Gene  Protein  Trait
The DNA Song

56. Crash Course Biology: Carbon Water Biological Molecules
Study Island 3 a and b Review