1. Indus Valley and india

2. River Valley Civ Chart

3. Indus Valley

4. Indus Valley Along the Indus River and Ganges River
Major cities – Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa
Built on a Grid System
Citadel
Writing System-?????
Cannot decipher their text
Government: Dynasties
Early Religion:
Polytheism
Science/Technology/Inventions:
Early Sewage system/indoor plumbing

5. Aerial View of Mohenjo- Daro

6. Wide View, Mohenjo-Daro

7. The Great Bath, Mohenjo-Daro

8. Bath Area, Mohenjo- Daro

9. Well, Mohenjo-Daro

10. A Main Street, Mohenjo- Daro

11. Granery, Mohenjo-Daro

12. Public Well, Harappa

13. Drain, Harappa

14. Indus Valley ?

15. Undecipherable to date.
Harappan Writing
Undecipherable to date.

16. Indus Valley Civilization
Aryans: Indo-Europeans that invaded Indus Valley
Introduced their culture (cultural diffusion)
Led to the caste system (Varnas)
Brahmans (teachers/priests)
Kshatriyas (warriors/kings)
Vaishyas (traders/merchants and farmers)
Shudras (artisans/service providers)
Also have the untouchables, below/out of caste
Religions – Hinduism, Buddhism

18. Trade Spreads Indian Religions & Culture
Indian religions, culture,& science evolved and spread to other regions through trade (Cultural Diffusion)

19. India Graphic Organizer

20. Hinduism
Developed over time-mix of Aryan and Indus Valley cultural and religious traditions
Polytheistic
3 Main gods:
Brahma
Shiva
Vishnu
Belief in Karma, Reincarnation and Moksha
Karma-good or bad deeds that effect later events
Reincarnation-rebirth in another life based on karma

21. HINDUISM
Every spring the Ganges River swells with water as snow melts in the Himalayas. The water brings life as trees and flowers bloom and crops grow. This cycle of rebirth is a metaphor for Hinduism, the religious faith of most people in India.

22. HINDUISM
Hinduism is a polytheistic faith, with many gods and goddesses. Hindus believe that every living thing has a soul, which comes from the creator, Brahma.
They believe that people’s souls live on after death, and that all living things can be reborn. This is called reincarnation.

23. HINDUISM
Traditionally, a person who followed the rules of their caste would be reborn to a higher form in the next life. A Hindu who neglected their duties would be reborn in a lower form, perhaps as an animal or insect. The goal of Hinduism is to escape the cycle of rebirth by reaching Nirvana. Nirvana is a Sanskrit word that means ending. Hindus and Buddhists believe Nirvana is a state of happiness without change or pain.

24. HINDUISM
Hindus believe that all living things have souls, so almost all Hindus are vegetarians. A vegetarian does not eat meat. Some Hindus are vegan, which means they will not eat any animal products, including eggs and cheese.

25. HINDUISM
Other Hindus will eat poultry and fish, but will not eat beef. Cows are particularly sacred to Hindus. It is not unusual to see a cow wandering through the streets of an Indian city.

26. HINDUISM
Many Hindus consider the Ganges River holy. Lately, the Ganges has become very polluted, but Hindus believe the water from the Himalayas will purify the souls of those who drink or bathe in its waters. Many Hindus make
a pilgrimage to the Ganges. Others travel to the river near the end of their lives so they may die near the banks of the Ganges River.

27. HINDUISM

28. Buddhism Influenced by Hinduism Founder: Siddhartha Guatama
4 Noble Truths and 8-fold path
Trying to reach enlightenment

29. Siddhartha Gautama (563-483BCE)
Born in NE India (Nepal).
Raised in great luxury to be a king.
At 29 he rejected his luxurious life to seek enlightenment and the source of suffering.
Rejecting this extreme, sat in meditation, and found nirvana.
Became “The Enlightened One,” at 35.

30. What is the fundamental cause of all suffering?
Desire!
Therefore, extinguish the self, don’t obsess about oneself.

31. Four Noble Truths
There is suffering in the world. To live is to suffer. (Dukkha)
The Buddha found this out when he was young and experienced suffering and death in others.

32. Four Noble Truths
The cause of suffering is self-centered desire and attachments. (Tanha)

33. Four Noble Truths
The solution is to eliminate desire and attachments. (Nirvana = “extinction”)

34. Four Noble Truths
To reach nirvana, one must follow the Eightfold Path.

35. Nirvana Eightfold Path The union with the ultimate spiritual reality.
Escape from the cycle of rebirth.

36. Buddha – 19c Thailand

37. Empires of India (321BC-550AD)
The Mauryas & the Guptas established empires, but neither unified India permanently
The diversity of peoples, culture, beliefs, & language continues to pose challenges to Indian unity today

38. Empires of India Mauryan Empire:
Shortly after Alexander the Great leaves, Chandragupta Maurya seizes power and defeats Alexander’s general to regain control of north India to form the Mauryan Empire
600,000 foot soldiers
30,000 horsemen
9,000 elephants
Needed high taxes from industry & trade to fund military; farmers gave half of their crops
Great administrators

39. Empires of India Ashoka Empire
Chandragupta Maurya’s grandson Asoka expands empire with costly campaigns (100,000 soldiers killed)
Asoka has sorrow and rules by Buddha’s nonviolence teachings, even issues edict of religious tolerance
Constructed roads for pilgrims and trade
These roads led to the spread of Buddhism through trade with SE Asia.

40. Empires of India Gupta Empire
500 year period of turmoil followed Asoka’s death
Gupta came to power in northern India to form the Gupta Empire
Ganges River served as power base
Gupta Empire expands via military conquest
Golden Age of India
Advances in Literature, Science, Math, Art, Medicine
Gupta life:
spread of Hindu culture
mostly patriarchal extended families
use of irrigation with a tax on water

41. INDIAN CULTURE: Golden Age of Gupta
Religion
Mahayana & Theravada Buddhism
Hinduism becomes more personal
Spreads through trade contacts
Literature/ Arts
Buddhist sculptures
men & women perform drama & dance
Kalidasa wrote many plays
Science/ Math
decimal system, use of zero, value of pi
used lunar eclipse to show earth as round
solar calendar
medical guides, plastic surgery, possible inoculations
Trade
profit from Silk Road trade of valued items
trade with Rome, Africa, Arabia, China
rise of banking

42. Unit 1 Scrapbook Add India to your Keynote Scrapbook Include:
Pictures and Captions
Include:
Indus Valley Civilization
Aryans
Hindiusm/Buddhism
Gupta Empire-Golden Age
Mauryan Empire
Empire of Ashoka