1. Chapter 2 Notes Chemical and Physical Properties and Changes

2. States of Matter Solid: definite shape and volume
Liquid: indefinite shape, flows, definite volume.
Gas (Vapor): indefinite shape and volume, flows.

3. Intensive vs Extensive Properties
Intensive – Depends on type of matter NOT amount Ex: shiny, color, boiling point, density, molecular weight
Extensive – DEPENDS ON amount of matter in a sample Ex: mass, volume, size, length

4. How to Differentiate
If the property is unchanged after combining, it is an INTENSIVE property. (shiny, color, density, melting point, etc.)
If property doubles after combining, it is an EXTENSIVE property. (mass, length, volume, etc.)

5. Physical Properties
A property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
Turn and Talk
Q: What are some examples of physical properties?

6. Examples of Physical Properties
Color
Texture
Size
Odor
Density
Sound
Volume
Taste
Boiling point
Evaporation point
Condensation point
Melting point
Freezing point
Sublimation point (solid to gas, dry ice)

7. Basic information on Water
Freezing point- 0°C
Boiling point- 100°C
Three states of water are ice (solid), water (liquid), water vapor/steam (gas)

8. Chemical Properties:
Defines how that substance will react with other materials
Turn and Talk
Q: What are some examples of chemical properties?

9. Examples of chemical properties
Flammable (combustible)- ability to burn
Oxidizer- Will combine with oxygen (rust)
Reactive- Will create bubbles while chemically changing
Corrosive- will eat away by chemical action (acids and bases)
Explosive- Will produce a rapid chemical change with a violent burst of energy

10. Physical Changes:
Any action that changes the appearance of a substance without altering its chemical composition.
A change without change of identity, can be classified as reversible or irreversible.

11. Examples of Physical Change
-Water going from a solid to liquid to gas.
-Dropping a beaker full of acid.
-Throwing a bag of vinegar even though you know you’re not supposed to and spilling it all over the floor and then getting scolded like a child.

12. Chemical Changes:
Any action that changes the arrangement of atoms in one or more substances. Generally called CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Chemical changes cannot easily be reversed.
Changes the identity of the substance.
Examples: rusting, milk going bad, mixing acid and base, burning a candle, burning toast

13. Evidence of chemical changes:
Light
Odor
Color change
Heat change
Gas given off
not dissolving
Precipitate forming (chunky stuff floating)

14. Elements Can not be chemically broken down into simpler substances.
Represented by one or two letters, and second letter is always lowercase.
MEMORIZE #’s 1-20, 26, 29, 47, 79

15. Formulas
Chemists use formulas to represent compounds