1. Forestry

3. The Arctic Circle is covered in permafrost, yet Point Pelee in southern Ontario is further south than northern California.
The soil and water and conditions that sustain the nations forest, vary greatly across such geographic expanse. As a result, Canada features many forest regions and sub-regions, each supporting characteristic tree species and forest types..

5. Fast Facts Canada has 10 percent of the world's forests.
The forest sector's contribution to the Canadian economy (GDP) in 2002 constant dollars was 2.4 percent, or 28.8 billion, in 2006.
Wages and salaries for direct employment were $12.5 billion in 2005.
In 2006, Canada was the world's largest forest-product exporter (15.9 percent).

6. Climate Zones of Canada

8. Percentage of forest and other wooded land
Total land area (millions of ha)
Area of forest and other wooded land (millions of ha)
    0 - <5
363.1
1.2
    5 - <20
70.9
8.3
    20 - <40
74.0
22.3
    40 - <60
83.0
41.3
    60 - <80
121.8
86.9
    80 - <100
266.3
241.7
Total
979.1
402.1

9. Types of forests Coniferous (90%) softwood
These evergreen trees have needle-like leaves that keep their green color all year long. These trees have a shallow root system.  The coniferous forests have short warm summers and long, cold winters
spruce, pine, fir, cedar

10. Types of forests Deciduous (< 1%) hardwood
are trees that lose all of their leaves for part of the year.
they remain dormant throughout the winter and bloom again in the spring.

11. Types of Forests
Mixed
combination of both coniferous and deciduous

12. Productive Forests
Are those that can be harvested profitably. (Commercial)
Usually found in warmer, wetter regions aiding in the quicker growth of larger trees
Closer to pre-existing infrastructure (roads, rail, or waterways)

13. Unproductive Forests
Found in isolated areas and / or where the climate is colder
The trees are smaller and spaced farther apart
Transportation routes are few, if they exist at all.

14. Forest Regions 1. Boreal – There are three subregions
1. a) Boreal (predominantly forest) - the largest forested area in Canada. This region forms a continuous belt from Newfoundland and Labrador west to the Rocky Mountains and north to Alaska.
- Short, cool summers – long cold winters and moderate precipitation
- infertile, acidic, podzolic soil that is thin and poorly drained.

15. b) Boreal (forest and barren) - a sub-region north of the Boreal Forest Region.
- a transition zone between the boreal forest and the tundra
- has a colder, windier, and drier climate and shorter growing season. Along the northern edge the forest thins into open lichen-woodland and then treeless Tundra.
- underlain by discontinuous permafrost

16. c) Boreal (forest and grass) - a sub-region south of the main Boreal Forest Region.
- The transition zone between forest and the grassland of the southern prairies
- less water is available for tree growth

17. - most productive region in Canada
2. West Coast Coniferous Rain Forest
- most productive region in Canada
- located on the western slopes of the Coast Range Mountains
- high levels of moisture (orographic precipitation)
- moderate temperatures

19. 3. Columbia Coniferous Forest
- found on the western slopes of the interior mountains of BC
- shorter and smaller than the West Coast Coniferous Rain Forest because of a shorter growing season and less rain fall
- second most productive forest region

20. 4. Montane Coniferous Forest
- covers most of the interior uplands of British Columbia
- lie in the rain shadow of the Coast Mountains
- less precipitation than the other BC forest regions

21. 5. Deciduous Forest
- found in southern Ontario
- hot summers and shorter winters mean a longer growing season
- fertile soils
- much of the region has been cleared for agriculture and urban expansion

22. 6. Great Lakes/St Lawrence Mixed Forest
- extends inland from the Great Lakes and St, Lawrence River to southeastern Manitoba.
- This region is mixed coniferous-deciduous
- it is a transition region between the boreal and deciduous forests
- cooler temperatures and shorter growing season than the deciduous forest

23. 7. Acadian Mixed Forest
- stretches across most of the Maritime provinces.
- also a transition region
- trees are suited to the cooler and wetter climate of the Atlantic Coast

24. What region do you think is represented in the following video?
North Shore Riding