2. KEEP ON SHINING: A PROJECT ON LIGHTHOUSES

3. THE LIGHTHOUSE OF CHANIA : THE TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
Kalajoki 19/

4. construction of ancient lighthouses
From the ancient times, small wooden tops were placed on mountain peaks with good visibility. When a message had to be spread, the guards burned the woods so that the flames were visible until the next lighthouse, which was on a mountaintop many miles away. Thus, through a chain of fires, the message reached its destination .... A lighthouse operated as an open flame torch and it was called frictoria in greek. Its etymology: “friktos” which means torch + “oro” which means “see”).

5.  In Chania, at about the Venetians constructed a lighthouse founded on the natural rock that functioned as an open flame torch (frictoria)
It is mentioned as the “Flashlight’’ in a plan view of the city of Chania in 1689.

6. At the end of the 19th century it worked as a port lantern and it consisted only of the lighthouse tower, without the lighthouse keepers’ residence like the other supervised lighthouses.

7. 19th CENTURY (1)
Well-documented information about its first lightning mechanism does not exist, as there is no element indicating when it stopped working as an open flame torch. But, it is known that in 1839 it worked with the new technology for the era.

8. 19th CENTURY (2)
In 1864, the lighthouse came under the jurisdiction of the General Administration of Lighthouses of the Ottoman Empire (Administration générale des Phares de l'Empire ottoman) and operated with a “4th order lens" according to Augustin-Jean Fresnel classification.

9. Augustin-Jean Fresnel was a french physicist and engineer who  is most often given credit for the development of the multi-part lens for use in lighthouses. According to Fresnel method, lens reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional lens by dividing the lens into a set of concentric annular sections.
Diagram depicting how a Fresnel lens
spherical  collimates light

10. Fresnel produced six sizes of lighthouse lenses, divided into four orders based on their size and focal length. In modern use, these are classified as first through sixth order. Fresnel’s invention increased the  luminosity of the lighthouse lamp by a factor of 4 and his system is still in common use.
Close-up view of a flat Fresnel lens shows concentric circles on the surface

11. The mechanism of the lighthouse of Chania was a fourth-order lens, which means that it has a focal length of 250 mm and a maximum diameter 0,722 mm high. The complete assembly is about 3.7 m (12 ft) tall and 1.8 m (6 ft) wide. 

12. 20th CENTURY
In 1933 it operated as a “fixed red” port lamp which means that it is a continuous, steady, light. His lighting machine was destroyed during the Second World War. It was later restored and reopened in Its light reached a distance of 7 nautical miles.

13. TODAY
Nowadays the lighthouse does not work and its machine has been removed for maintenance purposes.

14. THANK YOU!!!