1. Analog versus Digital Systems
Dr. Baran Uslu
Atilim University EE Dept.

2. DC and AC Signals
DC: Direct Current
AC: Alternating Current

3. < 1000 V (1 kV) : Low Voltage
Voltage Levels
< 1000 V (1 kV) : Low Voltage
1 kV – 35 kV : Medium Voltage
> 35 kV : High Voltage

4. Example Analog Electronic Circuit
Reference:

5. Example Digital Electronic Circuit
Reference:

6. Analog-Digital Systems Examples
Analog and digital clocks
Analog and digital communications
Analog and digital locks
Analog and digital cockpit
... what else ?

7. Analog and Digital Combined
ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)
Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

8. Binary Numbers Why Binary? What is a bit?
Answer: Because in Electronics world, there are only two ways to represent the state of anything: ON or OFF, high or low, 1 or 0
What is a bit?
Bit: Binary Digit

9. Decimal and Binary Numbers16
10000 1 17
10001 2 10 18
10010 3 11 19
10011 4
100 20
10100 5
101 21
10101 6
110 22
10110 7
111 23
10111 8
1000 24
11000 9
1001 25
11001
1010 26
11010
1011 27
11011 12
1100 28
11100 13
1101 29
11101 14
1110 30
11110 15
1111 31
11111
Practice:
874 = (?) in base 2
( )2 = (?)10

10. Serial and Parallel Systems
Parallel interfaces transfer multiple bits at the same time. They usually require buses of data - transmitting across eight, sixteen, or more wires. Data is transferred in huge, crashing waves of 1’s and 0’s.

11. Serial and Parallel Systems
In serial systems, bits are transferred one bit at a clock in series.

12. Sampling

13. Quantization

14. 7 Segment Display

15. References https://learn.sparkfun.com/