1. Canada Moves West
SS9 Chapter Nine

3. Exploration of the Interior
Exploration and mapping is an important contribution of fur traders

4. Exploration of the Interior
Alexander Mackenzie
The first European to travel to the West Coast of Canada by means of the interior, following the Fraser River (which Mackenzie believed to be the Columbia!)

5. Exploration of the Interior
Rapids near the end make voyage difficult
Arrives at Bella Coola in 1793; an established community already trading with European ships
Findings aren’t immediately useful—not an easy sea route

6. Exploration of the Interior
Simon Fraser
Establishes forts in in BC (Fort McLeod, Fort Fraser, Fort St. James and Fort George: New Caledonia)

7. Exploration of the Interior
Also travels the Fraser, thinking it is the Columbia, and is disappointed by the challenging route
Aboriginal groups are not pleased to see him

8. Exploration of the Interior
David Thompson
Talented map-maker
Starts off with the HBC but is unimpressed with employer and joins NWC

9. Exploration of the Interior
Surveys and maps Canada, including Canada-US border
Commissioned to find the mouth of the Columbia River and establish a Fort their before the Americans.

10. Exploration of the Interior
He is successful in finding and mapping the river, but when the mouth is reached he discovers that the Americans have beaten him by two months and already have a fort there!

11. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:
West Coast First Nation societies were powerful, well-organized societies and demanded much respect from the Europeans
Maquinna, a Nu-chal’-nath leader was known for killing entire crew of ships which offended him

12. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:

13. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:
Juan Perez 1774
Spanish explorers want to explore North of Mexico
1774: Perez travels to the Queen Charlotte Islands and trades with the Haida, but doesn’t claim for Spain

14. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:
Bodega Y Quadra
1775 and 1779: Gets as far as Alaska

15. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:
Vitrus Bering 1725
A Danish explorer commissioned by Russian Tsar, Peter the Great
Explores the North Pacific and Bering Strait

16. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:
Lands in Alaska and trades with Aleut people and discovers valuable resource of sea otter pelts

17. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:
Captain James Cook 1778
Good British Captain who takes proper care of his sailors

18. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:
Travels around the globe, discovers Antarctica, and proves that the Northwest Passage doesn’t exist

19. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:
1778: Arrives in Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island and trades with the people there before continuing South to Hawaii were he is killed

20. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:
George Vancouver
Former officer of Cook
Britain sends to strengthen their claim of the Northwest Coast

21. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:
Arrives in Burrard Inlet in 1792 to find Spanish . ships already there. These crews agree to work together to chart the area, and eventually the Spanish give up their claim on area

22. Exploration of the Pacific Coast:
Vancouver makes wonderful maps and also takes good care of his sailors; he dies of exhaustion at age 40 (1798)