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Chapter Resources
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glencoe.com
Image Bank
Foldables
Video Clips and Animations
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Standardized Test Practice

2. glencoe.com

3. Image Bank
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4. Image Bank
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5. Evidence for Continental Drift
Image Bank
Evidence for Continental Drift

6. Image Bank
Pangaea

7. Image Bank
Fossil Clues

8. Appalachian Mountains
Image Bank
Appalachian Mountains

9. How could continents drift?
Image Bank
How could continents drift?

10. Image Bank
Sonar and Ship

11. Image Bank
Seafloor

12. Giant Tube Worms in a Hot Water Vent
Image Bank
Giant Tube Worms in a Hot Water Vent

13. Image Bank
Magnetic Field

14. Composition of Earth’s Plates
Image Bank
Composition of Earth’s Plates

15. Image Bank
Map of Moving Plates

16. Image Bank
Earthquake Damage

17. Where Plates Slide Past Each Other
Image Bank
Where Plates Slide Past Each Other

18. Moving Mantle Material
Image Bank
Moving Mantle Material

19. Normal Faults and Rift Valleys
Image Bank
Normal Faults and Rift Valleys

20. Mountains and Volcanoes
Image Bank
Mountains and Volcanoes

21. Testing for Plate Tectonics
Image Bank
Testing for Plate Tectonics

22. Foldables
Plate Tectonics
Make the following Foldable to help identify what you already know, and what you learned about plate tectonics.

23. Foldables
Fold a vertical sheet of paper from side to side. Make the front edge about 1.25 cm shorter than the back edge.

24. Turn lengthwise and fold into thirds.
Foldables
Turn lengthwise and fold into thirds.

25. Unfold and cut only the layer along both folds to make three tabs.
Foldables
Unfold and cut only the layer along both folds to make three tabs.

26. Foldables
Label each tab.

27. Foldables
Identify Questions
Before you read the chapter, write what you already know about plate tectonics under the left tab of your Foldable, and write questions about what you’d like to know under the center tab. After you read the chapter, list what you learned under the right tab.

28. Video Clips
Click image to view movie

29. Video Clips
Click image to view movie

30. Reviewing Main Ideas 1
Continental Drift
Alfred Wegener suggested that the continents were joined together at some point in the past in a large landmass he called Pangaea. Wegener proposed that continents have moved slowly, over millions of years, to their current locations.

31. Reviewing Main Ideas 1
Continental Drift
The puzzlelike fit of the continents, fossils, climatic evidence, and similar rock structures support Wegener’s idea of continental drift. However, Wegener could not explain what process could cause the movement of the landmasses.

32. Reviewing Main Ideas 2
Seafloor Spreading
Detailed mapping of the ocean floor in the 1950s showed underwater mountains and rift valleys.
In the 1960s, Harry Hess suggested seafloor spreading as an explanation for the formation of mid-ocean ridges.
The theory of seafloor spreading is supported by magnetic evidence in rocks and by the ages of rocks on the ocean floor.

33. Theory of Plate Tectonics
Reviewing Main Ideas 3
Theory of Plate Tectonics
In the 1960s, scientists combined the ideas of continental drift and seafloor spreading to develop the theory of plate tectonics. The theory states that the surface of Earth is broken into sections called plates that move around on the asthenosphere.

34. Theory of Plate Tectonics
Reviewing Main Ideas 3
Theory of Plate Tectonics
Currents in Earth’s mantle called convection currents transfer heat in Earth’s interior. It is thought that this transfer of heat energy moves plates.
Earth is a dynamic planet. As the plates move, they interact, resulting in many of the features of Earth’s surface.

35. Chapter Review
Question 1
How does the presence of fossils provide support for the hypothesis of continental drift?
PS 2.2d

36. Chapter Review
Answer
Because fossils of particular species are found on different continents today, it seems more likely that the land areas were once connected and that the organisms traveled great distances and crossed oceans.

37. Question 2 Which of the following are found at mid-ocean ridges?
Chapter Review
Question 2
Which of the following are found at mid-ocean ridges?
A. compressions
B. convergences
C. oldest rocks
D. youngest rocks
PS 2.2h

38. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is D. Molten material is forced upward at the ridges, flows sideways and cools, forming new rocks.

39. Chapter Review
Question 3
What is the theory that combines continental drift and seafloor spreading?
PS 2.2e

40. Chapter Review
Answer
The theory of plate tectonics, which states that Earth’s crust and part of the mantle are broken into sections and move on a layer of the mantle, explains how the continents and seafloor could be moving.

41. Chapter Review
Question 4
If plates are moving in opposite directions or the same direction at different rates, what type of boundary is formed?
A. convergent
B. divergent
C. subduction
D. transform
PS 2.2f

42. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is D. At transform boundaries, plates move in opposite directions or in the same direction at different rates.

43. Question 5 What is thought to be the driving force of plate tectonics?
Chapter Review
Question 5
What is thought to be the driving force of plate tectonics?
PS 2.2a

44. Chapter Review
Answer
Scientists now think that convection currents in Earth’s mantle cause the plates to move.

45. Question 1 What process is illustrated by the diagram?
Standardized Test Practice
Question 1
What process is illustrated by the diagram?
PS 2.2f

46. A. magnetic field reversal B. plate convergence C. seafloor spreading
Standardized Test Practice
A. magnetic field reversal
B. plate convergence
C. seafloor spreading
D. subduction
PS 2.2f

47. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C. As the seafloor spreads apart at a mid-ocean ridge, new seafloor is created.

48. Standardized Test Practice
Question 2
What do the magnetic field reversals along mid-ocean ridges show?
PS 2.2h

49. A. An earthquake is imminent.
Standardized Test Practice
A. An earthquake is imminent.
B. Magnetite levels are higher than normal.
C. New rock is being formed at the ridge.
D. The asthenosphere is a plasticlike layer.
PS 2.2h

50. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C. Whenever Earth’s magnetic field reverses, newly forming iron minerals record the magnetic reversal.

51. Question 3 Which type of plate boundary is shown in this diagram?
Standardized Test Practice
Question 3
Which type of plate boundary is shown in this diagram?
A. convergent
B. divergent
C. reverse
D. transform
PS 2.2f

52. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is D. Transform boundaries occur where two plates slide past one another.

53. Question 4 What is represented by A? Standardized Test Practice
PS 2.2d

54. B. continental convection C. Pangaea D. present day Earth
Standardized Test Practice
A. asthenosphere
B. continental convection
C. Pangaea
D. present day Earth
PS 2.2d

55. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C. This position indicates where the continents would have been 250 million years ago, before they separated.

56. Question 5 Between which two plates is there a transform boundary?
Standardized Test Practice
Question 5
Between which two plates is there a transform boundary?
PS 2.2f

57. A. African and South American B. Antarctic and Pacific
Standardized Test Practice
A. African and South American
B. Antarctic and Pacific
C. North American and Eurasian
D. Nazca and Pacific
PS 2.2f

58. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. Transform boundaries occur where two plates slide past one another

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