1. Week 2 – Part 1 Financial Analysis Tools
FINA321 – Fall 2016
UoN
Abdullah Al Shukaili

2. Analysis Tools
A variety of tools designed to fit specific needs are available to help users analyze financial statements and give decisions.
The basic four important sets of tools for financial analysis:
1. Comparative financial statement analysis
2. Common-size financial statement analysis
3. Ratio analysis
4. Cash flow analysis

3. Comparative Financial Statement Analysis
Individuals conduct comparative financial statement analysis by reviewing consecutive balance sheets, income statements, or statements of cash flows from period to period.
The most important information often revealed from comparative financial statement analysis is trend.
For example, a year-to-year 10% sales increase accompanied by a 20% increase in freight-out costs requires investigation and explanation.
Similarly, a 15% increase in accounts receivable along with a sales increase of only 5% calls for investigation.

4. Comparative Financial Statement Analysis
Comparative financial statement analysis also is referred to as horizontal analysis given the left-right (or right-left) analysis of account balances as we review comparative statements.
Two techniques of comparative analysis are especially popular:
1. year-to-year change analysis and,
2. index-number trend analysis

5. Year-to-Year Change Analysis
Comparing financial statements over relatively short time periods—two to three years—is usually performed with analysis of year-to-year changes in individual accounts.
It has the advantage of presenting changes in absolute Rials or $ amounts as well as in percentages.
Computation of year-to-year changes is straightforward.

6. Year-to-Year Change Analysis
Rules for year to year change analysis:-
1. When a negative amount appears in the base and a positive amount in the next
period (or vice versa), we cannot compute a meaningful percentage change.
2. When there is no amount for the base period, no percentage change is computable.
3. When the base period amount is small, a percentage change can be computed but the number must be interpreted with caution.

9. Reading
Text Book , Ch1, PP. 28 – 33