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US History Immigration
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“OlD” Immigrants (pre-1871)
Northern + Western Europe Great Britain Germany Ireland Norway Sweden
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Southern + Eastern Europe
“New” Immigrants ( ) Southern + Eastern Europe Italy Greece Poland Russia Hungary Asia China Japan
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Why Go? #1--Freedom Freedom from religious and political oppression These are “PUSH” factors!
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Why Go? #2--POVERTY Land was expensive and there were no jobs! Again “PUSH” factors
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Why Go…to America? #3—Jobs
America needed cheap labor! This is a “PULL” factor!
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Why Go…to America? #4--Family
There was already a network of family/friends! Another “PULL” factor.
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Immigrants Helped america’s economy grow dramatically!
The Chinese helped to build the Trans- Continental Railroad of the west! The Irish worked in textile and steel mills in the Northeast….as well as the booming clothing industry of New York City! Slavs, Italians and Poles worked in the coal mines of Appalachia!
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The Journey There was a long journey… across the ocean!
There was a medical inspection! There was a Questionnaire… in English!
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“The Golden Door” Ellis Island, NYC was the point of entry for Europeans. Angel Island, SF was the point of entry for Asians.
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The “Melting Pot” A Mixture of peoples / cultures Goal = Assimilation
Is it a “melting pot” or a “salad bowl”?
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The “Melting Pot” They and their children worked very hard to assimilate and become American citizens. They learned English! They changed their names! The adopted customs! The attended public schools! They became “American”!
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The Rise of Nativism Despite the contributions immigrants made to “build” America there was an extreme dislike of immigrants by native born people. They faced hardship and hostility on many occasions.
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Nativism – Job Issues Reason #1: Immigrants work hard… For lower pay
in unsafe areas And were often used to hurt unions
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Nativism – Cultural Differences
Reason #2: Protestants in America had different religious views than Catholics and Jews
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Congress takes action The Chinese Exclusion Act ( ) The Chinese were the most hated group This completely stopped the Chinese from coming to the US!
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Immigration Restriction Act (1921)
Established quotas for immigration from selected countries. Limited total immigration to 150,000 a year.
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Cities grew to make room……
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Rapid growth is not easy….
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Immigrant Five Cent Lodging
Created by Katherine Lacks Immigrant Five Cent Lodging
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How is immigration today similar and different from that of the late 1800s?
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