1. LAN 405 Beginning Hebrew II
*Photo from
Class VII: Niphal – Weak Verbs (ch. 25)
Dr. Esa Autero

2. Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
1.1 Niphal stem – Strong Verb paradigm; review
Memorize the diagnostic features of Niphal verb
Meaning of Niphal
Passive – “He was killed”
Reflexive – “He killed himself”
(Reciprocal) – “They killed one another”
The name “Niphal” (נִפְעַל) as a memory aid with a נ prefix
Perfect
Imperfect
Imperative
Infinitive construct
Infinitive absolute
Participle
נִקְטַל
יִקָּטֵל
הִקָּטֵל
נִקְטוֹל
הִקָּטוֹל
נִקְטָל

3. Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
Perfect
Imperfect
Imperative
Inf.Cst.
Inf.Abs.
Participle
נִמְצָא
יִמָּצֵא
הִמָּצֵא
נִמְצוֹא
נִמְצְאָה
תִּמָּצֵא
הִמָּֽצְאִי
נִמְצָאָה
נִמְצֵ֫אתָ
הִמָּֽצְאוּ
נִמְצָאִים
נִמְצֵאת
תִּמָּֽצְאִי
הִמָּצֶ֫אנָה
נִמְצָאוֹת
נִמְצֵ֫אתִי
אֶמָּצֵא
1) Identical diagnostic in impf., imp., inf. cst, and inf. abs.
Main changes in PERFECT and PARTICIPLE
2) נִ prefix remains in perfect and participle
PERFECT stem vowel changed to Qamets (from pathach) or Tsere
נִמְצְאוּ
יִמָּֽצְאוּ
נִמְצֵאתֶם
תִּמָּצֶ֫אנָה
נִמְצֵאתֶן
תִּמָּֽצְאוּ
נִמְצֵ֫אנוּ
III-א
נִמָּצֵא
Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
All Qal verbs = 69%

4. Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
Perfect
Imperfect
Imperative
Inf.Cst.
Inf.Abs.
Participle
נִבְנָה
נִבְנֵ֫תָ
יִבָּנֶה
הִבָּנֵה
הִבָּנוֹת
נִבְנֹה
נִבְנֶה
תִּבָּנֶה
הִבָּנִי
III-ה
נִבְנְתָה
הִבָּנוּ
נִבְנִים
נִבְנֵיתָ
תִּבָּנִי
הִבָּנֶ֫נָה
נִבְנוּת
נִבְנֵית
אֶבָּנֶה
Identical diagnostic in impf., imp., inf. cst, and inf. abs.
Main changes in PERFECT and PARTICIPLE
PERFECT stem vowel varies b/w Qamets (3ms) & Tsere-Yod (rest except 3fs & 3cp)
Also, remember the unusual III-ה endings (vowel letters)
נִבְנֵ֫יתִי
יִבָּנוּ
נִבְנוּ
תִּבָּנֶ֫ינָה
נִבְנֵיתֶם
תִּבָּנוּ
נִבְנֵיתֶן
נִבְנֵ֫ינוּ
נִבָּנֶה
Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
All Qal verbs = 69%

5. Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
Perfect
Imperfect
Imperative
Inf.Cst.
Inf.Abs.
Participle
נֶעֱזַב
יֵעָזֵב
הֵעָזֵב
נַעֲזוֹב
הֵעָזוֹב
נֶעֱזָב
נֶעֱזְבָה
תֵּעָזֵב
הֵעָֽזְבִי
נֶעֱזֶ֫בֶת
נֶעֱזַ֫בְתָּ
הֵעָֽזְבוּ
נֶעֱזָבִים
נֶעֱזַבְתְּ
תֵּעָֽזְבִי
הֵעָזַ֫בְנָה
נֶעֱזָבוֹת
נֶעֱזַ֫בְתִי
אֵעָזֵב
Where theנִ prefix normally assimilates, the guttural rejects Daghesh Forte  compensatory lengthening of the prefix vowel Hireq to Tsere.
Note also the diagnostic Qamets on most conjugations (impf, imp, inf cst, one form of inf abs.)
נֶעֱזְבוּ
יֵעָֽזְבוּ
נֶעֱזַבְתֶּם
תֵּעָזַ֫בְנָה
נֶעֱזַבְתֶּן
תֵּעָֽזְבוּ
נֶעֱזַ֫בְנוּ
I-Gutt.
נֵעָזֵב
Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
All Qal verbs = 69%

6. Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
Perfect
Imperfect
Imperative
Inf.Cst.
Inf.Abs.
Participle
נִצַּל
יִנָּצֵל
הִנָּצֵל
נִצּוֹל
נִצָּל
נִצְּלָה
תִּנָּצֵל
הִנָּֽצְלִי
נִצֶּ֫לֶת
נִצַּלְתָּ
הִנָּֽצְלוּ
נִצָּלִים
נִצַּלְתְּ
תִּנָּֽצְלִי
הִנָּצַ֫לְנָה
נִצָּלוֹת
נִצַּלְתִּי
אֶנָּצֵל
All basic diagnostic features for Niphal retained
Assimilation of the נ to the first consonant in perfect, participle, and one form of inf. cst.
Verbal root נis retained in impf, imp, inf cst, and inf abs and the Niphal stem has assimilated.
נִצְּלוּ
יִנָּֽצְלוּ
נִצַּלְתֶּם
תִּנָּצַ֫לְנָה
נִצַּלְתֶּן
תִּנָּֽצְלוּ
נִצַּלְנוּ
I-נ
נִנָּצֵל
Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
All Qal verbs = 69%
*To be delivered (Niph.)

7. Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
Perfect
Imperfect
Imperative
Inf.Cst.
Inf.Abs.
Participle
נוֹשַׁב
יִוָּשֵׁב
הִוָּשֵׁב ־
נוֹשָׁב
נוֹשְׁבָה
תִּוָּשֵׁב
הִוָּֽשְׁבִי
נוֹשֶׁ֫בֶת
נוֹשַׁ֫בְתָּ
הִוָּשְׁבוּ
נוֹשָׁבִים
נוֹשַׁבְתְּ
תִּוָּֽשְׁבִי
הִוָּשַׁ֫בְנָה
נוֹשָׁבוֹת
נוֹשַׁבְתִּי
אִוָּשֵׁב
Most I-י verbs originally I-ו verbs  original ו reappears in Niph stem and replaces yod that is in the first root position.
In impf, imp, and inf cst, Waw appears with Daghesh Forte – this represents the assimilated of the Niphal stem.
In pf and participle forms, the original waw appears as holem waw ( וֹ ).
As in other forms, pf. has Pathach and particile Qamets as stem vowel.
 Most difficult is recognition of I-י verbs – need to remember that I-י verbs originally I-ו & the original waw reappears.
נוֹשְׁבוּ
יִוָּֽשְׁבוּ
נוֹשַׁבְתֶּם
תִּוָּשַׁ֫בְנָה
נוֹשַׁבְתֶּן
תִּוָּשְׁבוּ
נוֹשַׁ֫בְנוּ
I-י
נִוָּשֵׁב
Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
All Qal verbs = 69%

8. Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
See summary chart on p. 306
 Important to remember diagnostic features!

9. Niphal Stem – Weak Verbs
Practice
Workbook p. 197, no: 1-5
p. 205, no: 1-5
pp. 198, 206, 1-5 (if time)
Homework
Workbook: “Bible Translation”, p. 200, no: 1-3 & p. 208, no: 1-3
Quizz V on vocabulary, ch. 25 (pp )
*Photo: