1. 2.1
The Ottoman Empire

2. Ottomans take control
Turks saw themselves as ghazis – warriors for Islam
Osman = most successful ghazi – followers called Ottomans
Ottoman army uses guns & cannons to replace archers – very effective

3. Ottomans take control Orkhan I (son of Osman) declares himself sultan
Sultan means “overlord”
Ottomans wise rulers
Local officials ruled lands
Non-muslims not required to serve in army – must pay tax to be excused

4. Timur the Lame
Timur the Lame fights the Ottomans and burns Baghdad to the ground
Briefly halts the expansion of the Ottoman Empire

5. Mehmed II Mehmed II wins Constantinople
Constantinople controls access between Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea
Mehmed II moves ships over dry land to attack Constantinople
Opens city to Jews, Christians & Muslims
Changes city name to Istanbul

6. Selim the Grim Mehmed’s grandson defeats Safavids
Expands empire through Egypt and northern Africa
Expands empire along Red Sea

7. Suleyman the Lawgiver Selim’s son
Expands Ottoman Empire to greatest heights
Lybia
Hungary
Austria
Controls trade route to Africa
Only Charles V rivals him in power

8. Suleyman the Lawgiver
Enacts structured laws for both criminal and civil cases
Limits taxes
Devshirme system
Boys of conquered lands required to serve in army
Janissaries = soldiers loyal to sultan only
Ottoman army well trained & educated

9. Suleyman the Lawgiver
Allows freedom of religion in empire called millets
Millets allowed to follow own religious laws and practices
Representative of Millet reports to sultan
Keeps conflict between religions to a minimum

10. Suleyman the Lawgiver Kills his son that is best suited to rule
Doesn’t want son to kill him and take over
Second son goes into exile
Weak son takes over
Sets precident for future sultans
Kill your rivals, even if they are family
Brings down empire