1. Nazi Germany & The “final Solution” to the “Jewish question”
THE HOLOCAUST
Nazi Germany & The “final Solution” to the “Jewish question”

2. DEFINTIONS: HOLOCAUST GENOCIDE
the systematic destruction of a group of people based on their race, religion, or citizenship.
murder, intolerable living conditions, sterilization methods
HOLOCAUST
The killing of 6 million European Jews and 10 million other ‘undesirable’ peoples during WWII.
The distinguishing factor was its efficiency 

3. HOLOCAUST STATISTICS

5. WHY? 3 Key points behind Hitler’s Motives
Jews were responsible for Germany’s WWI defeat
to protect the purity of the “Master Race”
Early years in anti-Semitic environment

6. WHY? 2 Schools of Thought:
Functionalist: Reached the conclusion that they needed to the kills the jews sometime during WW2.
Intentionalists: Always the plan to kill the jews- built into the regime’s ideology.
No order from Hitler that indicates when he decided to focus on killing Jews

7. 1933 NAZIS boycott Jewish businesses Define Aryan “Master Race”
"Aryan“ -blonde, blue-eyed, and tall- Nordic
Hermann Goering creates the GESTAPO
secret police of Nazi Germany
Responsible for state security
authority to send individuals to concentration camps
first concentration camps are built

8. 1935- Nuremberg Race Laws
Institutionalized the racial theories in the Nazi ideology
Laws for the Protection of German Blood and Honour
No relations between Jews and Germans
Reich Citizenship Law
Only Germans were eligible to be citizens
the rest were subjects, without citizenship rights. 

9. 1936 Olympic Games held in Berlin Jews treated better – briefly
Summer and Winter Games
Jews treated better – briefly
Summer Games First Live Televised Event

10. 1937 Jews not allowed to teach Germans or be accountants or dentists
“Eternal Jew” exhibit opened in Germany
promoted stereo-types of Jews and warned Germans
Hitler holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring "living space" for the German people

11. 1938- KRISTALLNACHT “Night of Broken Glass”
Nazi official killed in Paris by a Jew
Jewish homes, stores and synagogues attacked
91 Jews killed & authorities watch and did nothing
Reported Live around the world
damaged the image of Germany
More sanctions on the Jews followed
Start of the “Final Solution”

12. 1939 The St. Louis ocean liner is turned away by Canada, USA, and Cuba
Captain trying to find home for 908 Jews on board
25% die in German camps
Remaining Jewish-owned companies closed

14. 1940 600,000 Jews relocate ALL European Jews to Madagascar
Polish Ghettos are sealed off
600,000 Jews
“Madagascar Plan” proposed
relocate ALL European Jews to Madagascar
Many Jews would die
Prevented by British Navy
Idea shelved in exchange for “Final Solution”

15. Wannsee Conference
Nazis officials seeking “Final Solution” to the “Jewish Question”
attempt to exterminate all European Jews
estimated 11 million people

16. FINAL SOLUTION
“Now judgment has begun and it will reach its conclusion only when the knowledge of the Jews has been erased from the earth!” Nazi Newspaper
3 phases of the Nazi plan to carry out the “Final Solution”

17. Phase 1 = Shooting Jews rounded up and told they were to be relocated
taken to the woods and shot
Bodies buried in mass graves

18. Phase 2 = Gas Vans told they were to be relocated in vans
exhaust was piped back into the van
700,000 Jews killed in Vans

19. Problems with Phases 1,2 1) both methods were taking to much time
2) gas and munitions were becoming scarce
3) soldiers involved were having psychological problems with what they were doing.

20. Phase 3 = The Camps Speed up the “Final Solution”
Create 2 different types of camps:
CONCENTRATION CAMPS
EXTERMINATION/ DEATH CAMPS

22. CONCENTRATION CAMPS prisoners used for forced labor
prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2 year
communists, homosexuals, criminals, and social-democrats

23. RAVENSBRUCK Camp for women only, some children
Small male camp, prisoners built & ran gas chamber
50,000 killed
24,000 prisoners sent on Death march before camp fell to allies

24. THERESIENSTADT Most “humane” camp well connected Jews and war veterans
Jews married to Aryans could pay to go to this camp
Red Cross inspected this camp
Nazi lied and covered up what was really happening

25. EXTERMINATION CAMPS
concept started with killing of mentally and physically disabled
most located in Poland
Started as concentration camps
added gas chambers
also killed via extreme work conditions or manual killing
After Jews relocated to deaths Camps via train after being told of resettlement
3.2 Million Jews killed in Death camps

27. AUSCHWITZ 4 gas chambers/crematories mass killings with Zyklon B gas
recorded 12,000 kills in one day
: 1.1 million killed

28. THE SS AT AUSCHWITZ ORDERED TO TAKE ALL POSSESSIONS FROM JEWS
TEETH WITH GOLD
EYE GLASSES

29. ZYKLON-B Gas used to kill vermin
Inexpensive compared to Carbon Monoxide
Easier to transport
Dropped from ceilings in shower-like facilities

30. MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS Sterilization of men and women
endurance of pain to high and low temperatures and pressure
Injected prisoners with diseases to look for a cure
experiments on twins to increase number of multiple births to Aryan women

31. OPERATION REINHARD TREBLINKA Deadliest Phase of Final Solution
March 1942-November 1943
Prisoners dead within 2 hours or arrival
Total of 1,700,000 Jews killed
TREBLINKA
Disguised as a Train Station
10 GAS CHAMBERS
Bodies were burned in open pits
killed in 15 months

33. “Special Action 1005” Nazis knew they couldn’t hold borders
attempted to dismantle the camps and destroy all records
Used prisoners to dig up and burn the bodies
Some camps were liberated by Soviet troops
“Special Action 1005”

35. The end WW2 ended in Europe- May 8, 1945
Holocaust survivors moved to Displaced Persons Camps run by the allies
1948 to 1951: 700,000 Jews move to Israel
Other Jews move to the USA, Canada and other nations
last Displaced Persons Camp closed in 1957

36. THE NUREMBERG TRIALS

37. THE NUREMBERG TRIALS Nazis tried at the Nuremburg Trials
Judges : Great Britain, France, USSR, and the USA
12 Nazis sentenced to death
Most admitted to crimes but claimed that they were “following orders”

38. THE NUREMBERG TRIALS Adolf Hitler committed suicide to avoid capture
Many Nazis fled to other countries
Nazi Scientists found work in USA & USSR
Nazi Hunters tracked & Brought Nazis to justice
Most Former Nazis were dead by early 2000s

39. “The Holocaust is not only a tragedy of the of the Jewish people, it is a failure of humanity as a whole.”

40. “To forget the Holocaust is to kill twice.”