1. Characteristics of Living Things
Essential Question:
What are characteristics of life?
What distinguishes a living and non-living thing?
Learning Targets: I can
list and define the characteristics of living organisms
can name & describe the life functions
Name the four main elements found in living things
What are they looking at?

2. Bio- life logy- study of
I. Characteristics of Life
Made of cells.
Can Reproduce.
Have a genetic code.
Grow and develop.
Obtain and use energy.
Respond to the environment.
Maintain stable internal environment.
Taken as a group they change over time.
Paste into your journal

3. Characteristics of Living Things (6min)

4. 1. Made of cells
Cell- self-contained unit that makes up living things.
Unicellular- one cell.
Multicellular- more than one cell.

5. 2. Reproduction
Sexual- 2 cells from different parents unite to produce an organism.
Asexual- new organism comes from a single parent.

6. 3. Based on a genetic code
DNA- molecule that contains genetic info.

7. 4. Growth and development
Life cycle- a pattern of growth and change.

8. 5. Need for materials and energy
Metabolism- a collection of chemical reactions that occurs in an organism.

9. 6. Response to the environment
Leaves on trees begin to change color when the hours of sunlight in a given day begin to decrease.

10. 6a. Responding to the Environment
Stimulus: something that causes an organism to react in some way.
Response: how an organism reacts to a stimulus.

11. 7. Maintaining an internal balance
Homeostasis- maintaining a stable internal environment.
The bird produces body heat to stay warm.

12. 8. Evolution
Evolve- change over time.

13. Now you should be able to
list and define the characteristics of living organisms
Click for biology song

14. II. Life Processes (Functions) Learning Targets: I can name & describe the life functions
1. Nutrition: The process of obtaining food (nutrients).
What’s the difference in terms of nutrition?????
Autotroph –vs- heterotroph
2. Transport : The absorption of materials and the circulation (distribution) of materials to all the cells of an organism.
3. Cell Respiration : The chemical activities that release energy (ATP) from food by breaking the chemical bonds. This energy is needed to maintain life
Ex. Oxygen + glucose carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY (ATP)
Makes own food - plants
Gets food from environment- animals

15. 5. Excretion : Getting rid of cellular waste
4. Synthesis : “to make” combining simple substances to make more complex substances. Ex. Starches made from simple sugars
5. Excretion : Getting rid of cellular waste
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2), WATER (H2O) & sodium chloride (salt) (NaCl).
6. Regulation (cOORDINATION): Responding to changes in the environment to maintain homeostasis.
EX: Your pupils dilate to react to low lighting situation.
7. Growth: increase in living matter by increasing cell size or cell number
8. Reproduction: ability of organisms to form more of its own kind*(not needed for an organism’s survival but necessary for the survival of the species)
**Metabolism:
the sum total of all the life processes needed to sustain life

17. III. Chemical Composition of Living Things
LT: I can name the four main elements found in living things
A. Living things are made of four main elements
carbon (C)
hydrogen (H)
oxygen (O)
nitrogen (N)

18. B. These elements combine to form molecules. 1. Organic Molecules
contain BOTH carbon and hydrogen
Proteins (ie. enzymes)
Fats
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Nucleic acids

19. 2. Inorganic Molecules Inorganic means NOT derived from a living thing
Molecular formulas DO NOT contain both C and H at the same time
Many inorganic molecules and
substances that living things rely on:
Water (H2O)-most abundant substance in the human body
Salt (NaCl) & minerals
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and bases
Gases – O2 and CO2

20. Which of these molecules is organic?
CO2 O2
C6H14N2O2
C5H6N2O2
Fe2O3

21. IV. Levels of Organization LT: I can name the levels of organization & differentiate btwn a multicelluar and unicellular org in terms of organizational level
MULTICELLULAR
ORGANISMS
Complex- many cells
UNICELLULAR
ORGANISMS
simple-ONE celled

22. Detailed LOOK AT Levels of Organization
Individual living
thing
Organism
Bison
Tissues, organs,
and body systems
Groups of
Cells
Nervous tissue
Brain
Nervous system
Smallest functional
unit of life
Cells
Nerve cell
Groups of atoms;
smallest unit of
most chemical
compounds
Molecules
Water
DNA
Go to Section:
1/10/2019

23. YOUR Practice: Quiz will follow shortly
Characteristics of Life Reading Packet
Review Book Read pgs 2-5 & answer questions 1-10 on loose leaf paper
Practice using the Life Function Vocab Quizlet on LE homepage

24. Reviewbook Answers pgs 4-5 #1-10
any 2 of the following:
Made of cells; maintain homeostasis; require energy to live; or carry on respiration; etc 3 2
to look for cells 4 1
living things maintain homeostasis; reproduce; made of functioning cells; or require energy

25. V. Similarities and Differences Among Living Things
Living things go about the 4 characteristics in similar AND different ways
1. Living things are made of CELLS that contain DNA
2. Living things have a METABOLISM to help them use energy to live, grow, and develop.
THE SUM TOTAL OF ALL LIFE FUNCTIONS.
3. Living things maintain HOMEOSTASIS: a stable internal environment
Ex: Your body sweats in order to maintain a proper internal temperature
4. Living things REPRODUCE and carry on the life functions.

26. Simple to Complex: The Video Clip

27. VI. Helping Vocabulary 1. Number of cells:
Multicellular: Made of many cells
Unicellular: Made of one cell
2. Nucleus?
Eukaryote: Cells contain a nucleus
Prokaryote: Cells lack a nucleus
3. Mode of nutrition:
Heterotroph: Need to obtain food ex. man
Autotroph: Can make their own food (photosynthesis) ex. plants

28. Modern Classification System …the 3 Domain system
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Eukararya
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Classification song:

29. The Five Kingdoms: The Video Clip

30. VII. The 5 Kingdoms Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista Monera
Similarities and Differences in life processes has grouped orgs into 5 different kingdoms
Animalia
Fungi
Plantae
Protista
Monera
MULTICELLULAR
EUKARYOTIC
UNICELLULAR
PROKARYOTIC

31. 1. Obtaining Nutrients (Food)
a) Heterotroph
Gets nutrients from the environment
Kingdoms:
Animalia, Fungi, Some Protista and Monera
b) Autotroph
Makes own food
Plantae and some Protists (photosynthesis), some Bacteria (chemosynthesis)

32. 2. Transport of Materials
a) Unicellular Orgs:
Transport within cytoplasm
Kingdoms:
Protista, Monera
b) Multicellular Orgs:
Transport within liquids and tubes
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi

33. 3. Reproduction a) Asexual: b) Sexual: One parent
Offspring genetically identical (clones)
Kingdoms:
Some Fungi, Protista, Monera
b) Sexual:
Two parents
Offspring genetically different from parents
Some Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

34. VIII. Classification A. Why classify organisms?
For easy identification
For evolutionary comparison of organisms
B. Taxonomy – science of naming organisms
Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
Organisms are grouped into large categories based on similarities then separated based on differences
Watch Taxonomy video:
Those with common ancestors are grouped together.

35. C. Binomial Nomenclature
1. Two-word naming system
2. Scientific name = Genus + species
First letter of Genus (capitalized), followed by species
species is not capitalized
always italicized or underlined
Ex. Ursus arctos or Ursus arctos (grizzly bear)
Ex. Ursus maritimus or Ursus maritimus (polar bear)
Abbreviation:
Ex. U. arctos or U. maritimus
Scientists have only identified and named a FRACTION of all living organisms on Earth!!!!

36. D. Linnaeus’s Classification Levels
Type of Kingdom
Phyla (s. Phylum)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
# OF ORGANISMS
DECREASES
DIFFERENCES
AMONG ORGS
INCREASES
Classification song:

37. A species is able to successfully reproduce amongst its members.
Categories
Memory Device
Human
Kingdom
King
Animalia
Phylum
Phillip
Chordata 
Has backbone
Class
Called
Mammalia
Females have mammary glands
Order
Oprah
Primates
Larger brain size
Family
For
Hominidae
Genus
Good
Homo
Species
Spices
sapiens
A species is able to successfully reproduce amongst its members.

38. E. DICHOTOMOUS KEY A tool used to identify things
Statements occur in pairs that require a yes or no response based on the items characteristics

39. Website with nice graphics of levels of biological organization:
THE END