1. Classifying Organisms
Section 2

2. Why Classify?
Classification: The process of grouping things based on their similarities (things that they may have in common)
To help us understand and makes it easier to study the world’s vast array of living things
Over 1.8 million known organisms
Once classified, a scientist knows a lot about that organism
i.e. parrot

3. Linnaean System Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Swedish naturalist developed a system of classification called taxonomy
1735 published Systema naturae, first publication to present his idea of classifying organisms based on observable features
Major contribution was the creation of naming system called binomial nomenclature that indicates organism’s genus and species
Taxonomy : Scientific study of how living things are classified

4. Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin (1809- 1882)
Sailed around the world as a naturalist aboard the HMS Beagle
1859 Published On the Origin of Species, his complete theory of natural selection
Major contribution was the theory of evolution which stated that species can change over time
Taxonomy : Scientific study of how living things are classified

5. Binomial Nomenclature
These three different species of cats belong to the same genus. Their scientific names share the same first word. Felis. The second word of their names describe a feature of the animal
Complete scientific name is written in italics.
Only the first letter of the first word in a scientific name is capitalized.

6. The Naming Game Genus and species
The first word in an organism’s scientific name is its Genus
Genus- classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms.
The second word describes a distinctive feature
Together, the two words indicate a unique species.

7. Binomial Nomenclature
Scientific name
Written in Italics
First word is the Genus and is Capitalized
Second word is the species
Always written in Latin
Marmota monax
Genus
Species; specific characteristic

8. Modern System of Classification
The classifying of organisms into eight levels: Domain, Kingdom, Phyla, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species
Scientific name is based on binomial nomenclature
Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together.

9. Question
What is the scientific study of how living things are classified called?
TAXONOMY

10. How is a scientific name written
Question
How is a scientific name written
In Italics

11. LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
Eight Levels of Classification
Organisms are grouped by their shared characteristics
First an organism is placed in a broad group, which in turn is divided into more specific groups

12. Classifying Living Things
Compare the illustrations below. What similarities do you see among the limbs? Can you guess which animal each set of bones belongs to?
                                                                                            

13. DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Darling King
Phillip
PHYLUM
Came
CLASS
Over
ORDER
For
FAMILY
Good
GENUS
A mnemonic is a way to help you remember the levels of classification.
Invent your own mnemonic device for remembering the levels of classification for the Kingdom Animilia.
Plants taxonomy many sometimes have Divison instead of Phylum.
Spaghetti
SPECIES

14. THREE DOMAINS of LIFE
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya

15. Domain Bacteria Members are prokaryotes Are unicellular
Prokaryotes genetic material is not contained in a nucleus
Some are autotrophs while other are heterotrophs

16. Domain Archaea
Meaning Ancient; found in the most extreme environment(hotsprings, glaciers..)
Like bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes
autotrophs and heterotrophs
Own domain because have their own chemical makeup.

17. Domain Eukarya Eukaryotes: organisms with cells that contain nuclei
Organism in this domain are classified in one of four kingdoms
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals

18. KINGDOMS 4 KINGDOMS ANIMALIA (Animal) PLANTE (Plant) FUNGI (Fungus)
PROTISTA (Protista)

19. PROTISTA (Protist) Odds and End Kingdom Autotrophs & Heterotrophs
Most unicellular, but like seaweed are large multicellular organisms

20. FUNGI (Fungus) All are multicellular eukaryotes Heterotrophs
Most absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organisms

21. PLANTE (Plant)
All are multicellular eukaryotes
Autotrophs

22. ANIMALIA (Animal)
All are multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophs

25. Skill Activity
Look carefully at the organisms pictured together at the kingdom level. Make a list of the characteristics that the organisms share.
Now make two more lists of shared characteristics- one for the organisms at the class level and the other for those at the genus level.
How does the number of shared characteristics on the list change at each level?