1. Essential Skills for All Research
Mini Research Project
Essential Skills for All Research

2. Step 1: The topic
No matter what you research, you start with a topic in mind.
Literature
Medicine
Marketing
Entertainment
Then you have to research to narrow your focus
Read criticism
Conduct lap tests
Conduct opinion polls
Talk to others in the field
Then you develop a question- this question is what your research will answer
What did Shakespeare want us to know about love in Romeo and Juliet?
How will some medicine already approved help with this other sickness?
What is the best market strategy for selling a new running shoe?
How can I best sell my new mixtape to Dequann?

3. Step 2: The question
Once you have your question, you research the answer to the question.
A research question is not a “yes/no” question. It is something that needs to be proven.
For this mini project your question is going to prove your opinion of your chosen subject.
You cannot develop a question without reading about the topic.

4. Step 3: Finding sources
Just because it is on the internet does not make it true
Look for sources which are reliable: .org, .edu, .gov rather than .com
Google and other search engines are not sources.
Wikipedia is a great place to find sources, but not a reliable source.
On line data bases that are paid for can be more reliable than those just on the internet
Books still offer more reliability than many internet resources

5. Bibliography
It is vital to know where you got your information so that you can give credit to the original author.
Failure to give credit to sources and claiming the work as your own is PLAGIARISM and is illegal.
Plagiarism can result in a zero on an assignment, losing credit for a class, expulsion from a school and being fired from your job (ask Dan Rather)
Easybib.com is an excellent source for creating a bibliography without having to think about it much.

6. Step 4: Reading and taking notes
You have to read the material whether it is about literature or a report on the opinions of those who have heard your music or tried out your shoes; you have to read
Take notes on what you read
Summary notes: Read a passage and think for your self about the main idea and what supports that idea. Write that down.
Paraphrased notes: Read a passage and rewrite it in your own words (the best choice b/c you’re ready to put it in your paper.

7. Step 5: Compiling your research
Once you have done your research, you have to see how what you have learned answers your question.
The answer becomes your CLAIM. Claim is also called the thesis of your paper.
The WARRANT AND BACKING of your paper is found in your research, the EVIDENCE. These are the details that will support your claim/your answer to the question.

8. Step 6: Writing your research
Introduction: this paragraph gives an overview of your topic narrowing down to your claim as the last sentence in your first paragraph.
Formal research writing does not use the words I or YOU to refer to the writer or the reader.
Body: You must first decide how to present your warrant and backing: chronologically, order of importance (least to most or most to least), sequentially, etc. It all depends on the type research you are doing.

9. Writing continued
The body paragraphs will begin with a topic sentence which will guide the paragraph. What statement of warrant or backing will support your claim.
Once you have made this statement, elaborate upon it.
What QUALIFICATIONS exist for the warrant, backing and claim?
What counterclaims must you consider in supporting your claim?

10. Technical Aspects For English writing you must follow an MLA format
Everything is double-spaced
One inch margins all around
Times New Roman 12 font
Parenthetical citations
Bibliography/work cited listing sources in MLA format (easybib.com) in alphabetical order