1. What is Physical Science?
Physical Science is the study of the things around you.
It has to do with matter and energy.

2. What is Matter? Can you think of examples of matter?
Matter is anything that takes up space

3. All matter has Mass What IS mass?
Mass is the amount of material that an object has.

4. Two areas of physical Science
Chemistry
Physical Science

5. Physics
The study of how energy acts with matter

6. chemistry
The study of matter and how it changes

7. Tools of Physical Scientists
Scientists answer questions by doing experiments
To do experiments/observations, scientists need tools

8. In your notes, try to name each of these scientific tools and what you think they do.

9. Metric System Basics

10. Metric System
The metric system is based on base units that are used for each kind of measurement
Length = meter
Volume = liter
Weight (Mass) = grams
We add prefixes to base units to measure larger and smaller things
Prefixes that make them smaller or part of one base unit:
Milli -- 1/100th
Centi -- 1/100th
Deci -- 1/10th
Prefixes that make them larger than one base unit:
Deka – 10
Hecto – 100
Kilo

11. Metric System Prefixes + base units make up the metric units Examples:
Centi + meter = Centimeter
Kilo + liter = Kiloliter

12. Metric System
Here is a more visual way to chart how we use prefixes and bases:
kilo
hecto
deka
Base Units
meter
gram
liter
deci
centi
milli

13. Metric System
So if you needed to measure length you would choose meter as your base unit

14. Metric System
But what if you need to measure a longer distance, like from your house to school?
Let’s say you live approximately 10 miles from school
10 miles = meters
16093 is a big number, but what if you could add a prefix onto the base unit to make it easier to manage:
16093 meters = kilometers (or 16.1 if rounded to 1 decimal place)

15. Metric System Metric prefixes are based on multiples of 10.
From each prefix every “step” is either:
10 times larger or
10 times smaller
For example
Centimeters are 10 times larger than millimeters
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
kilo
hecto
deka
Base Units
meter
gram
liter
deci
centi
milli

16. Metric System
An easy way to move within the metric system is by moving the decimal point one place for each “step” desired
Example: change meters to centimeters
1.00 meter = 10.0 decimeters = centimeters
kilo
hecto
deka
Meter
deci
centi
milli

17. Metric System
If you move to the left in the diagram, move the decimal to the left
If you move to the right in the diagram, move the decimal to the right
kilo
hecto
deka
meter
liter
gram
deci
centi
milli

18. Metric System
Summary
Base units in the metric system are meter, liter, gram
Metric system is based on multiples of 10
For conversions within the metric system, each “step” is 1 decimal place to the right or left
kilo
hecto
deca
meter
liter
gram
deci
centi
milli

19. Formulas for Area & Perimeter

20. Perimeter
Any shape’s “perimeter” is the outside of the shape…like a fence around a yard.
To calculate the perimeter of any shape, just add up the lengths of all sides

21. Perimeter Triangles have 3 sides…add up each side’s length. 8 8
8+8+8=24
The Perimeter is 24 8

22. What is the perimeter of this square?12 12 12
=48 12

23. Helpful hints
Squares ALL sides are equal…so if they give you one side, you know ALL the sides
Length=the Largest side
If numbers are left out, they are equal to their opposite side. For example, if you see a number at the bottom of a rectangle then the top of the rectangle is going to be equal to the measurement’s bottom.

24. Other shapes Just add up EACH segment 10
8 sides, each side 10 so =80

25. Area Area is the ENTIRE INSIDE of a shape
It is always measured in “squares” (cm2, m2)

26. Area of Squares/Rectangles
AREA =Length x Width 2
Length(2) xWidth(2) = 4 square units

27. Area
What is the area of the rectangle below?
3cm
9cm

28. VOLUME

29. Volume= Length X Width X Height.
Volume works with all three dimensions of an object (length, width, and height) and measures the space that an object takes up.
Volume= Length X Width X Height

30. Calculate the volume of this prism
6cm
8cm
5cm
The volume is 240cm3

31. Calculate the volume of this prism
5cm cm
3cm
The volume is 180cm3

32. Liquid Volume & Volume of Irregular objects

33. Measuring Volume
We will be using graduated cylinders to find the volume of liquids and other objects.
Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve. When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water.
What is the volume of water in the cylinder? _____mL
What causes the meniscus?
A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on the sides.
Top Image: Bottom Image:

34. Measuring Liquid Volume
What is the volume of water in each cylinder?
Images created at A B C
Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.

35. Measuring Volume of Irregular Objects
We can measure the volume of regular object using the formula length x width x height.
We can measure the volume of irregular object using water displacement.
Amount of H2O with object = ______ About of H2O without object = ______ Difference = Volume = ______
Click here for an online activity about volume. Choose Lessons  Volume & Displacement

36. Density

37. Density
Density is a physical property of matter that describes how closely packed together the atoms of an element or molecules of a compound are.
The more closely packed together they are, the more dense the object. Hence, it can be helpful to know the densities

38. Density Density involves mass AND volume of an object!
Mass is the amount of matter contained in an object and is commonly measured in units of grams (g).
Volume is the amount of space taken up by an object
Units used for volume:
cubic centimeters (cm3) for solids
milliliters (mL) for liquids
FYI 1cm3 = 1 mL.

39. Density = Mass/Volume Formula for density = mass divided by volume
Density is a property of matter that is defined as the ratio of an object's mass to its volume.
units for density:
Solids: grams per milliliters (g/ml)
Liquids: grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3).
Watch Video Clip about density, mass, volume, and matter:

40. Density of Some Common Substances
Density (g/cm3)
Air
0.0013
Feathers
0.0025
Wood(Oak)
Ice 
0.92 
Water 
1.00
Bricks 
1.84
Aluminum 
2.70
Steel 
7.80
Silver 
10.50
Gold 
19.30 
Density can be confusing.
For example, many items that we commonly think of as "light" or "heavy" do not have different masses, but they do have different densities.
Video clip: Science 360: Density & Sports

41. Example
Water’s density = 1.0 g/mL: If object’s density is more than that, it will sink in water, if an object’s density is less than that, it will float in water
If an object’s density = water, it will be suspended in water.

42. Liquids and gases
Density applies not only to solids, but liquids and gases
Example: Hot air rises because it’s less dense than the cool air
Example: Oil floats on top of water

43. Solving For Density
1. A student determines that a piece of an unknown material has a mass of g and a volume of 7.57 cm3. What is the density of the material, rounded to the nearest hundredth? g divided by 7.57cm3 Density = g/cm3

44. Density Will this object sink or float in water?
                       D = 0.77 g/cm3   
Will this object sink or float in water?
Float—its density is less than 1.0 g/mL
Is this a solid or a liquid?
Solid

45. Solve on your own! Mass = 16 g, Volume = 13.5 mL, Density = ?
Does it sink or float in water? Is it a solid or liquid?
Mass = 45 g, Volume = 6.7 cm3, Density = ?
Does it sink or float in water? Is it a solid or liquid?
Mass = 15.9 g, Volume = 4.3 mL, Density = ?

46. Buoyancy

47. Buoyancy
The buoyant force acts in the direction opposite to the force of gravity, so it makes an object feel lighter
Buoyant Force – upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object

48. Buoyancy
Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces

49. Floating and Sinking
If the weight of the object is greater than the buoyant force – then the object will sink
If the weight of the object is less than the buoyant force then the object will float