1. Development in South Korea

4. Japanese rule (1910-45) Control educational system
Japanese language and culture
Control land (40% of entire country)
Infrastructure
railroads and telegraph lines
Industrialization
Provisional Government-in-exile (1919)

5. 38th Parallel ( )
Soviet & U.S. divided Korea along 38th parallel after Japan surrendered in 1945
, Republic of Korea established
43% area, 60% population
President: Rhee Syngman
, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea established
Premier: Kim Il-Sung

6. Dulles, Rhee, & MacArthur
nationalist goals vs. Cold War strategies

7. Korean War (1950 - 1953) Most fighting happened 1950 - 1951
truce negotiations
Military Demarcation Line (MDL) ( )

8. Republic of Korea President Rhee Syngman (1948 - 60)
autocrat resigned amid popular protests
1961 military coup by Park Chung-Hee
relations with Japan normalized in 1965
economic takeoff
assassinated in 1979
Army General Chun Doo Hwan (1980-7)
1980 Kwangju massacre

9. ROK Economic Takeoff Park’s authoritarian rule (1961-79)
annual economic growth rate of 9.2%
one of the four Asian “little dragons”
year per capita GDP (US$) export (US$)
million
, ,500.0 million

10. Economic Takeoff Under President Park Chung-Hee (1962-1979)

11. Development in South Korea
Development a matter of survival
high population density (48 mil./105km²)
few natural resources
external military threat
one of the “Four Tigers” of East Asia
an incredible record of growth
integration into the high-tech modern world economy

12. Development in South Korea
Three decades ago GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia
Today its GDP per capita is more than 20 times North Korea's and comparable to that of the European Union
Total GDP (p.p.p.) reached $2 trillion in 2017 (ranks 14th in the world)

13. Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP) 1960-2017

15. Success through the late 1980s
a system of close government-business ties
directed credit
import restrictions
import of raw materials and technology
at the expense of consumer goods
sponsorship of specific industries
a strong labor effort

16. Savings ratio savings and investment over consumption
Savings 36% > Japan 31% > US 16%
Remains high even today

17. Small Social Spending Public social expenditure (% GDP) 1980 1990 2000
2010
France
20.2
24.3
27.5
30.7
Germany
21.8
21.4
25.4
25.9
Japan
10.2
11.1
16.3
22.1
Korea
2.7
4.5
8.3
U.S.
12.8
13.2
14.3
19.3

18. Military Expenditure (% of GDP)

21. Trade Partners 2017 Exports ($0.6 trillion) to
China 25%
US 12%
Vietnam 8%
Imports ($0.5 trillion) from
China 21%
Japan 12%
US 11%

22. Asian financial crisis
The Asian financial crisis of
exposed longstanding weaknesses in South Korea's development model
high debt/equity ratios
massive foreign borrowing
an undisciplined financial sector

24. Democratization in ROK
1987 election, former general Roh Tae Woo defeated opposition leaders Kim Dae Jung and Kim Young Sam
1987, Declaration of Political Reforms
1988 election, opposition parties won majority in National Assembly
Kim Young Sam won presidential election in 1992 (1st elected civilian president)

25. Former and Current President
President Park Geun-hye ( )
Daughter of former president Park Chung-hee
President Moon Jae-in ( present)