1. SSUSH7 Investigate political, economic, and social developments during the Age of Jackson
Explain Jacksonian Democracy, including expanding suffrage, the Nullification Crisis and states’ rights, and the Indian Removal Act.
Explain how the North, South, and West were linked through industrial and economic expansion including Henry Clay and the American System.
Explain the influence of the Second Great Awakening on social reform movements, including temperance, public education, and women’s efforts to gain suffrage.
Explain how the significance of slavery grew in American politics including slave rebellions and the rise of abolitionism.

2. Andrew Jackson

3. Champion of the “Common Man”?
Essential Question
“King” Andrew?
Champion of the “Common Man”? OR

4. JACKSON THE MAN
Born March 15, 1767, on North Carolina/South Carolina border
Father died when he was baby.
Read a copy of the DOI to the townspeople who were illiterate.
Hated the British and blamed them for the death of his mother and brother.
Orphaned at an early age self-educated with very little formal education

5. Appealed to the Common Man because he was one……
JACKSON THE MAN
Emotional, arrogant and passionate.
Dueled---could drink, smoke, curse and fight with the best of them
Lawyer, Judge, senator, general and finally President
First president from the West
Appealed to the Common Man because he was one……

6. General Jackson’s Military Career
Defeated the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend in 1814
Defeated the British at New Orleans in 1815
Took Florida and claimed it for the US in 1819.
Loved by his soldiers called him “Old Hickory”

7. President Andrew Jackson
War hero from the Battle of New Orleans
in the War of 1812
A “new Democratic-Republican”
Called “King Jackson”
Also known as “Old Hickory”
Believed his party was becoming more centered on industrial progress, expanding federal power, and the upper-class.
This was the end of the Era of Good Feelings, national unity and returned the country to a two-party political system

9. President Andrew Jackson
What is Jacksonian Democracy?
The belief that government needed to represent the Common Man

10. President Andrew Jackson and Jacksonian Democracy
Universal male suffrage
All white males should be able to vote, not just property owners
Increased the number of voters from 350,000 voters in 1824 to million voters in in 1824

11. President Andrew Jackson and Jacksonian Democracy
The Spoils System
Means putting your supporters in government positions
Jackson fired government officials and gave government jobs to his supporters
This resulted in some unqualified officials

12. President Andrew Jackson -New Political Parties
The New Democratic Party AKA
The Democratic-Republican Party
The New Whig Party
The “common man” supported Andrew Jackson
States Rights
The United States was once again divided between two strong political parties with very different views
Favored industrial expansion and was supported by the upper-classes
The party that opposed Andrew Jackson

13. President Andrew Jackson and Jacksonian Democracy
Jackson believed these measures favored only wealthy easterners while hurting southern farmers and landowners out west.

14. President Andrew Jackson
States Rights
Congress passed tariffs in 1828 and to protect Northern manufacturers from competition with cheap British imported goods
These tariffs were known as the Tariff of Abominations to the South
The tariffs made imported goods more expensive hoping this would make all Americans buy Northern goods instead
Southerners believed that the tariffs were passed to hurt southerners and would only benefit northern industrialists

16. Jacksonian Democracy
States Rights

17. Jacksonian Democracy States Rights
South Carolina threatened to leave the Union over this issue
Jackson’s Congressional supporters authorized the President to use military force to enforce federal law
The Jacksonian Democracy that promised to uphold states’ rights changed its tune when it threatened the Union as a whole

18. a. Explain Jacksonian Democracy, including expanding suffrage, the Nullification Crisis and states’ rights, and the Indian Removal Act.
Social and Industrial change The War of 1812 was the beginning of America’s transition from an agrarian to industrial society
Foreign trade was very limited and the United States had to be able to provide for itself. The south increased production of agricultural crops and the north increased its production of manufactured goods.

20. States Rights Slave owners began to wonder what would happen if the federal government decided to end slavery by law

21. The Presidency of Andrew Jackson The Common Man (not Natives though)
Cherokee fought with Jackson in the War of 1812
Jackson believed in Westward expansion and Manifest Destiny and the Natives Americans were in the way
The State of Georgia told the Cherokee to officially leave when Gold was found around Dahlonega Georgia because they were on the newly valuable land

22. The Trail of Tears and Andrew Jackson
The Cherokee decided to fight this removal in court
The case was heard by the US Supreme Court
Chief Justice John Marshall of the US Supreme Court sided with the Cherokee in his ruling when he stated the Cherokee were a sovereign independent nation and Georgia law did not apply to them
This famous court case is known as Worcester v. Georgia

23. The Trail of Tears and Andrew Jackson
Remember the duties of each branch of government?
The Legislative Branch makes laws
The Judicial Branch interprets laws
The Executive Branch enforces laws
In the US Supreme Court case, the Judicial Branch interpreted the law and said the Cherokee were a sovereign nation. This meant the Executive Branch of the Federal Government was supposed to enforce the Supreme Court ruling and protect the Cherokee from removal.

24. The Trail of Tears and Andrew Jackson
Instead, Jackson said “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!” The Georgia Cherokee reluctantly surrendered their lands and were forced to travel west in what became known as the Trail of Tears The forced removal was difficult and thousands of American Indians died along the way due to starvation, disease, and exhaustion.

25. Political, economic, and social developments during the Age of Jackson
The Industrial Revolution-Economic Developments The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and it made its way to the US in Agrarian economies switched to industrial and commercial economies Hand-made goods were replaced by machine made goods

26. The Presidency of Andrew Jackson
The success of the Industrial Revolution was aided by four factors: 1st- transportation was expanded- Canals, barges, steamboats, Railroads 2nd- New power sources- (water power and, shortly thereafter, steam power) 3rd- New industrial processes which accelerated production- (machines) 4th- Tariffs- The government helped protect hurting American manufactures by passing protective tariffs

27. Who was Henry Clay?
Known as a “War Hawk” because he supported the War of 1812 against Great Britain. Member of the US Congress Was known as the “Great Compromiser” He was a Whig and political rival of Andrew Jackson

28. A set of policies for strengthening the country's economy
American System
A set of policies for strengthening the country's economy

29. 3 parts to the American System
1st- protective tariffs
2nd- federal funding for internal improvements to the infrastructure of the United States
3rd- reestablishment of a National Bank to issue a national currency and serve as a depository for federal funds
PROTECTIVE TARIFF- INFASTRUCTURE- NATIONAL BANK

30. The American System- measures to ensure the growth of the US economy
Henry Clay supported: Federal Government funding infrastructure and developing industry (Infrastructure= roads, rail lines. Services, utilities, canals etc…)

31. New Transportation The Erie Canal:
It stretches 363 miles and connects the Great Lakes (Lake Erie) to the Atlantic Ocean
It lowered transportation costs and united new regions with the Atlantic states
anniversary/
America the Story of Us- Division (very beginning)

32. C. Explain the influence of the Second Great Awakening on social reform movements, including temperance, public education, and women’s efforts to gain suffrage.
The Second Great Awakening
It was a desire by Christians to attack social wrongs of the 19th century

33. The Second Great Awakening and Temperance
Temperance - moderation in or abstinence from the use of alcoholic beverages Stress with industrial jobs, poor water quality, and the cheapness of liquor all contributed to an increase in alcohol consumption during the early 19th century

34. The Second Great Awakening and Temperance
The Goal:
To protect women and children from abuse and poverty associated with men drinking
To moderate drinking, but quickly began stressing total abstinence
The American Temperance Society was formed and they were able to convince several states to pass laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol

35. th Amendment, prohibiting the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors st Amendment, which repealed Prohibition. Difficult to enforce and failed to have the intended effect of eliminating crime and other social problems–it led to a rise in organized crime

36. The Second Great Awakening & public education
Little public education until 1840
Must teach personal civic responsibility and morality to children
Horace Mann of Massachusetts/ the Common School Movement:
All children should be required to attend free schools
supported by taxpayers and staffed by trained teachers.

37. The Second Great Awakening and Women’s Equality
Women could not vote and if they were married, they could not own property or keep their own earnings

38. The Women’s Movement
The women’s suffrage movement emerged in the first half of the 19th century out of women’s frustration that the U.S. Constitution did not guarantee women many rights and did not allow women to vote in elections. Middle-class women who had worked in the abolitionist movement and other reform movements met to discuss the role of women in American society. Of primary concern was the right of women to vote.

39. The Second Great Awakening and Women’s Equality
Prominent women equality activists: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and the Grimke Sisters With the thought of universal male suffrage, women began to hope that suffrage would be extended to them

40. The Second Great Awakening and Women’s Equality
Seneca Falls Convention
Stanton and Mott organized a meeting "to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848.
(The women felt that a man should preside over the meeting, so Mott's husband initially led the conference)

41. The Second Great Awakening and Women’s Equality
Stanton drafted the Declaration of Sentiments, modeling her work after the Declaration of Independence She called for women to have the right to vote Frederick Douglass gave a speech persuading the delegates to vote for it. 100 men and women signed the Declaration of Sentiments. The Seneca Falls Conference marked the beginning of the Women's Rights Movement

42. The Second Great Awakening and the abolitionist movement
A movement was growing to abolish slavery Most white members of the abolition movement were middle class, educated, church goers Most black members were former slaves

43. Explain how the significance of slavery grew in American politics including slave rebellions and the rise of abolitionism
The Cotton Gin Slavery was slowly dying in the south until Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 It became profitable to grow cotton and therefore increased the demand for slaves

44. Keeping a perfect balance between slave states and non-slave states
Politicians sought to maintain “a perfect balance” on the issue of slavery in the 1800’s. 1st- maintaining an equal number of slave and free states 2nd- enacted the “gag” rule which prevented the discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives from rd- compromises between pro and anti slaves states in the 1850s

45. Slavery
Most white southerners where taught to opposed abolition. Writers and speakers argued slavery was a necessary part of life in the South. The southern economy, they said, was based on large-scale agriculture that would be impossible to maintain without slave labor.

46. Slavery and the Abolition Movement
The Second Great Awakening rekindled the abolitionist movement The abolition campaign included both men and women; Northerners and Southerners Abolition became a divisive issue as the southern states reacted against growing hostility by some in the North toward slavery

47. Slavery and the Abolition Movement
Three groups of abolitionists emerged during this period: 1st- the American Colonization Society (1818) called for the emancipation and transportation of freed slaves back to Africa to be settled in the new colony of Liberia

48. 2nd -the American Anti-Slavery Society (1833), was led by William Lloyd Garrison and called for immediate emancipation by any means necessary.

49. 3rd- A moderate group, the Liberty Party, pledged to end slavery through legal and political means.

50. Some of the most notable abolitionists were William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke Sisters

51. William Lloyd Garrison
Owned the Liberator newspaper which was an anti-slavery publication

52. Frederick Douglass
a former slave who ran away to safety and became one of the most powerful and famous abolition speakers.

53. Sarah and Angelina Grimke-
Sisters who became famous abolition speakers who spoke about the evils of slavery they had witnessed growing up on a plantation

54. Nat Turner Slave Preacher who believed he was a prophet of God
Led a slave rebellion which resulted in the death of 60 people-Men, women, and children
Result of Nat Turner’s slave rebellion was
Led to harsher laws concerning slaves

55. https://www. biography