1. ELearning Principles and Practice
Nina Bresnihan
MTL16

2. Instructional Design
“Instructional Design is the process through which an educator determines the best teaching methods for specific learners in a specific context, attempting to obtain a specific goal.” “… Is not necessarily linear and may be quite dynamic, recursive and never ending.”
IEEE (2001). Reference Guide for Instructional Design and Development, available online at

5. The Components

6. An efficient way to approach the task
“teaching (instructional) methods for specific learners in a specific context, attempting to obtain a specific goal”

7. Count all parts Assemble outer frame Fit shelves Apply hinges
An efficient model to approach design of any sideboard assembly instruction
CAFAF
Count all parts
Assemble outer frame
Fit shelves
Apply hinges
Fit doors  

8. Instructional Design Models
At a basic level:

9. (Some) Instructional Design Models

10. 3 Categories of Instructional Design Models

11. An instructional theory focused on motivation
ARCS
Prof. John Keller,
Florida State University
An instructional theory focused on motivation
“designing  the motivational aspects of learning environments to stimulate and sustain students’ motivation to learn”  
Attention
Relevance
Confidence
Satisfaction

12. Attention
Perceptual Arousal > Capture Interest Inquiry Arousal > Stimulate Inquiry Variability > Maintain Attention

13. Relevance
Goal orientation > Meet learners’ needs Motive Matching > Match Interests Familiarity > Link to Experiences

14. Confidence
Learning Requirements Success Opportunities Personal Control
> assist in building a positive expectation for success
> support the students’ beliefs in their competence
> success based upon learner efforts and abilities

15. Satisfaction
Intrinsic Reinforcement > Interest/use of learning Extrinsic Rewards > Rewarding Outcomes Equity > Fair treatment

17. Over to you…..

18. In-class task
Present a couple of slides on each of your two ID models to explain them to your classmates.
Contrast and compare the two.
5 mins in total to present.  

19. In-class task Group Model 1 Model 2 Group 1 Assure Backward Design
Group Dick & Carey Algo Heuristic
Group Addie Kemp
Group Cognitive Apprentice Spiral or Rapid Prototype
Group Gagne’s 9 Events of Cathy Moore’s Action Instruction Mapping

20. If you have slides mail them to: Nina.Bresnihan@scss.tcd.ie
A couple of resources… find more
Possible headings…
Are there clear visualisations?
Clear  goals/purposes?
Flexible or Prescriptive?
Evaluation process?
Team collaboration?
Practical?
Classroom, product or system?
Preference and why?