1. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
ability to see objects in three dimensions
allows us to judge distance
Visual Cliff

2. Depth Perception Binocular cues – depend on use of two eyes
retinal disparity
images from the two eyes differ
closer the object, the larger the disparity
Finger sausage example
convergence
neuromuscular cue
two eyes move inward for near objects

3. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Monocular Cues – depth cues available to either eye alone
relative size
smaller image is more distant
interposition
closer object blocks distant object
relative clarity
hazy object seen as more distant
texture coarse --> close fine --> distant

4. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Relative Size

5. Relative Size

6. Relative Size

7. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Interposition

9. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Monocular Cues (cont.)
relative height
higher objects seen as more distant
relative motion
closer objects seem to move faster
linear perspective
parallel lines converge with distance
relative brightness
closer objects appear brighter

10. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Relative Height

11. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Perspective Techniques

12. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Light and Shadow

13. In or out?

14. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Illusory Depth

15. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception

16. Phi Phenomenon – illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
How do movies work?

17. Perceptual Constancy Perceptual Constancy
perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal image change
color
shape
size

18. Perceptual Organization

19. Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Illusory Depth Explanation

20. Perceptual Organization: Muller-Lyer Illusion
Cultural Experiences affects susceptibility to the Muller-Lyer illusion!

21. Perceptual Organization: Size-Distance Relationship

22. Perceptual Organization-Brightness Contrast

23. Perceptual Organization-Brightness Contrast

24. Perceptual Organization: Grouping Principles
Impossible doghouse

25. Sensory Restriction: Blakemore & Cooper, 1970
Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars.