1. History of Architecture
Taken from the book,
A History of Architecture, Settings and Rituals,
By Spiro Kostof

2. Why study the history of Architecture?
Material Theater of Human Activity
Architecture is a social act in Method & Purpose
Evolution of Building Techniques
Footings and Foundations
Stone Walls, Pillars and Columns
Roofs: domes, arches and vaults
Materials: stone, wood, iron, steel, concrete…

3. How do we study the history of our built environment?
Consider this:
1. the Whole Project- Structure & Form
2. the Setting
3. Treat all buildings with equal Curiosity
4. Time & Purpose
What ritual took place there?

4. 3 Classes of Architecture
Shelter
Boundary
Monument

5. Terra Amata, France (400,000 BC)
The oldest artificial structure

6. The Cave at Lascaux, France (18,000 BC)
Community Project
Sacred Reverence
for animals

7. Megalithic Monuments: Ggantija, Malta & Stonehenge, England 3000-2750 BC
First Temple dedicated to fertility, the dead, and the underworld
Thought out and reproducable and the the first true building type.
-Organization of space to celebrate heavenly events
-Open air observatory
Function = activity without reference to human involvement
Ritual = transcendence of function to the level of a meaningful act

8. Jericho, Ancient Palestine 7500 BC
Population: 3000
Houses,
Public Buildings,
Defensive Walls

9. Ziggurat of Ur Nammu, 2000 BC
Hanging Gardens of Babylon

10. Giza Pyramids, Lower Egypt, 2570 BC

11. Karnak, Temple of Amaon, Thebes 1525 BC

12. Walls to Columns in Ancient Greece
Knossos, 1400 BC
Acropolis, 500 BC
What is an acropolis?
Greek Theater-
Akropolis Lindos, Rhodes

13. the Colosseum Roman Empire, 72 AD

14. Hagia Sophia- 360 AD Istanbul, Turkey
Remained the world’s largest Cathedral for over 1,000 years.

15. Arles, France 5th – 8th Century, the Dark Ages
A typical Medieval Town

16. The Great Mosque, 780 AD Cordoba, Spain

17. Asia Angkor Wat, Cambodia Hall of Harmony, Forbidden City, China
Kyoto Palace, Japan
Samurai Houses

18. The Americas Tenochtitlan, Mexico Cuzco, Peru Tikal, Guatemala
Cholula, Mexico

19. Three Churches Pisa Tower- 1178 AD The Holy Sepulchre- 1020 AD
Chartres Cathedral AD

20. The Renaissance Church of Santa Maria Novella Rome, Italy
Florence, Italy
--St. Peter’s Basilica
Rome, Italy

21. Industrial Architecture
East Pool Mine
Cornwall, England
King Cross Station, London, England
Exposed Metal Structures

22. American Styles US Capitol- Washington D.C., 1793 Neoclassicism
First Town-House Boston, 1658

23. Elevators & Steel Midland Grand Hotel- London
Second Leiter Building Chicago
Flatiron Building- NYC

24. Materials of Modernism
The Steiner House by Adolf Loos
“rationalist architecture”
Casa Mila by Antoni Gaudi
Church of Nortre-Dame du Raincy by Auguste Perret and Gustave Perret

25. the Modern Movement Le Corbusier- the Domino House
Mies van der Rohe- “Less is more”
Walter Gropius- “form reflects function”
German Pavilion- Barcelona, Spain
Le Corbusier- the Domino House

26. Internet Sources Ubthenews.com Hominides.com Gettyimages.com
www2.stetson.edu
Illustrationartgallery.com
Imagesofanthropology.com
Odysseyadventures.ca
Sacredsites.com
Studyblue.com
Shefelmanbooks.blogspot.com