1. BellRinger
What was the most important technological advancement during the Age of exploration? Explain why?

2. Chapter 2.2
The three main goals of kingdoms during the Age of Exploration:
Expansion of the empire
Increase wealth and improve trade balance
Spread Christianity

3. Mercantilism What is Mercantilism? An economic system based on trade.
What is the main goal of Mercantilism?
To increase the money in a country’s treasury by creating a favorable balance of trade with other countries.
What are Exports?
Goods that are sent from your country to another country to be sold.
What are Imports?
Goods brought into your country from another country.

4. MERCANTILISM
A great majority of the time countries would take the gold. Why?
Gold was preferred because it allowed the country receiving the gold to increase their treasury.
What did they do with the gold?
Built roads
Built Ships to explore and conquer more land
Raised armies to conquer more land
Paid scientist to develop better weapons or medicine.
In short, wealth is power, key to wealth is export more than import. European countries competed for world power and needed colonies to provide necessary raw materials.

5. Chapter 2.2 Hernando Cortez landed in Mexico and conquered the Aztecs.
Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca in Peru (South America).
Rewards for conquistadors
If successful wealth and glory for both Spain and themselves
Spain would be given 1/5 of any treasure found in return for granting conquistadors the right to explore and settle in the New World

7. Chapter 2.2 Reasons for the Spanish victories in the New World:
1) European diseases killed millions of Native Americans because they were not immune to diseases like measles, smallpox, and influenza
2) Superior weapons like guns and cannons
3) Made alliances with the enemies of the Aztecs and Incas
4) Spanish Conquistadors acted brutally toward the Native Americans

9. CHAPTER 2.2 Spain in Florida
Juan Ponce de Leon landed on the Florida coast and claimed the land for Spain
Appointed governor of Florida and asked to set up a colony
The Calusa attacked the 200 settlers wounding and killing de Leon
Panfilo de Narvaez attempted a colony near Tampa Bay
Apalachee attacked and Narvaez forced to flee

10. CHAPTER 2.2 France in Florida
Florida was a key location and would be able to capture Spanish ships loaded with gold and silver.
Jean Ribault sailed the St. Johns river and claimed Florida for France
Set up the colony of Fort Caroline

12. CHAPTER 2.2 Spain defends Florida
Pedro Menendez de Aviles named governor of Florida
Settled St. Augustine the First permanent European settlement in the New World
Ribault tried to attack but many of his ships were destroyed by a hurricane. Spanish killed any survivors
Menendez attacked Fort Caroline. Killed all except women, children, and Roman Catholics
Ending France’s attempt to control Florida

13. CHAPTER 2.2 Exploring the Southwest
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca a survivor of Narvaez’s expedition in Tampa Bay
Lands on an Island near Texas
Lived among Native Americans
Eventually made it to Mexico
Described “Seven Cities of Cibola” cities of gold
Leads Spanish to search for gold

14. CHAPTER 2.2 The Search for Gold
Hernando de Soto searched for three years in the southeastern part of the New World
Crossed the Mississippi
Did not find cities of gold
Eventually died of fever

15. CHAPTER 2.2 The Search Continues Francisco Vasques de Coronado
Traveled through northern Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico
Went west to the Colorado River and then into present day Kansas, did not find gold

16. CHAPTER 2.2 Spanish Settlements Class System
Pueblos: towns that were centers of trade
Missions: religious communities, small town, farmland, and a church
Presidio: a fort near a mission
Class System
Penninsulares: people born in Spain, owned the land, served in the Catholic Church, and ran local government
Creoles: people born in the Americas to Spanish parents
Mestizos: people with Spanish and Native American parents
Native Americans: often very poor
Enslaved Africans

17. Chapter 2.2 Life in Spanish America
Encomienda is a grant of Native American labor given to Spanish colonists to make the colonies productive. The Native Americans were treated no better than animals.
Hacienda is the name given to a large estate that was responsible for producing food for the colony.

18. Chapter 2.2 The goals of Spanish missions in the Americas
1) Convert Native Americans to Christianity and increase Spanish control
2) Teach Native Americans how to read and write
3) Teach them carpentry and metalworking skills
Las Casas: condemned the cruel treatment of Native Americans
Pleads for laws to help protect them
New laws made it illegal to enslave Native Americans

20. Chapter 2.2
The rise of plantations lead to the abuse of Native Americans
Sugar Plantations required many workers as a result the Spanish turned to native peoples.
Plantations differed from Haciendas because they were large estates that raised cash crops. One of the most important cash crops that led to the rise of slavery was sugar.
Native Americans were enslaved under the Encomienda and were beaten, tortured, killed or all three to continue to increase production of crops.
Later millions of Africans were brought to the Americas and sold as slaves.

23. CHAPTER2.2 Settling the Southwest
England, France, and the Netherlands start sending colonists to North America in the 1600s
Spain controlled parts of North America and most of Central and South America
France claimed the Mississippi River
Spain moved into Texas to control the area between the French territory and Mexico

24. The Treaty of Tordesillas:
Chapter 2.2
The Treaty of Tordesillas:
The treaty moved the Line of Demarcation more than 800 miles to the west.
Giving Portugal claim to much of eastern South America.
Portugal focused mainly on South America.

26. Work Period Complete Part A and B of the Unit 2 Activity
You must have Part A and B done, to be able to complete Part C next class period
If you finish early:
Work on Home Learning: SPICE Notes for Chapter 2, Lesson 3