1. Are you dominate or recessive?
Genetic Traits
Are you dominate or recessive?

2. Tongue rolling
Dominate – Roller
Recessive – Non Roller

3. Bent little fingers 
Dominate – Bent
Recessive – Straight

4. Widow’s peak
Dominate – Widow’s Peak
Recessive – No Widow’s Peak

5. Hitchhiker’s Thumb
Dominate – Straight
Recessive – Bent

6. Hand clasping, left over right thumb
Dominate – Left thumb on top
Recessive – Right thumb on top

7. Hair on middle joints of fingers
Dominate – Hair present
Recessive – No hair

8. Short big toe (or long 2nd toe)
Dominate – Short big toe, long 2nd toe
Recessive – Long big toe, short 2nd toe

9. Dimples
Dominate – Dimples
Recessive – No Dimples

10. Dominate – Detached (free)
Free earlobe
Dominate – Detached (free)
Recessive – Attached

11. Curly Hair
Dominate – Curly
Recessive – Straight

12. Eye Color
Dominate – Brown
Recessive – Non-brown

14. The study of traits and hereditary passed on in different organisms.
Genetics
The study of traits and hereditary passed on in different organisms.

16. Mendel Father of genetics
Austrian monk who did his work in the mid 1800s
Worked with peas which led to the idea of genes, traits, and alleles

17. Mendel
Genes – locations on chromosomes that code for particular characteristics
Pea height
Trait – the physical expression of genes
Short and Tall
Allele – the alternate version of genes coding for the same trait
Short or Tall

18. Mendel Principle of Dominance
An organism with a dominant allele will always show that trait, but an organism with a recessive allele will only show that trait if there is not a dominate allele present

19. Mendel
Genotype – the description of an organism’s genetic coding for a characteristic
You cannot see a genotype, it’s in the DNA
Homozygous – when an organism carries identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous – when an organism carries both alleles for a trait

20. Mendel
Phenotype – the description of an organism’s physical expression of a trait
You can see it!

21. Mendel Back to Mendel Used pea plants to make his observations
Tested for traits such as seed shape, seed color, seed coat color, pod shape, pod color, flower position, and plant height
Original plats: P (parental)
1st offspring: F1
2nd offspring: F2

22. Mendel First test cross
Homozygous dominate plant (tall – TT) with a homozygous recessive plant (short – tt) TT
t t T T t t T t T t T t T t

23. Mendel F1 Generation All the new plants are heterozygous Tt – genotype
Tall - phenotype

24. Mendel
Punnett Squares – a diagram used to show the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross T T T t T t t t T t T t

25. Monohybrid Cross A monohybrid cross involves one trait Example:
Do a monohybrid cross for pea plant seed color. One plant is homozygous dominate (yellow) and the other is homozygous recessive (green).
Use case sensitive friendly letters
Dominate is represented by a capital letter
Recessive is represented by a lower case letter

26. Monohybrid Cross Y Y y Genotypes: Phenotypes: y _____% are ______
_____% have __________ y

27. Monohybrid Cross
Cross two of the offspring from the F1 generation to produce the F2 generation.
(Two heterozygous yellow pea plants)
Genotypes:
_____% are ______
Phenotypes:
_____% have __________

28. Monohybrid Cross
Mom is homozygous recessive for blue eyes and dad is heterozygous for brown eyes. What is are the chances they will have a blue eyed child?
Phenotypes:
_____% have __________

29. Monohybrid Cross
One parent is homozygous dominate for a widow’s peak and the other is recessive. What will the genotype and phenotypes of their children be?
Genotypes:
Phenotypes:

30. Dihybrid Cross A dihybrid cross involves two traits
Independent assortment: genes for different traits can segregate (mix up) independently
Because of crossing over in meiosis
Just make a bigger punnett square (4x4)
Must include all the possibilities
Both traits are represented for each column/row

31. Dihybrid Cross
In a horse, brown hair is dominate and white hair is recessive; a trotter is dominate and a non-trotter is recessive. Cross a heterozygous brown haired homozygous trotter with a recessive white haired non-trotter. (BbTT x bbtt) BT bT BT bT bt
Phenotypes:
Brown/Trotter - ______%
Brown/Non - ______%
White/Trotter - ______%
White/Non - ______% bt bt bt

32. Dihybrid Cross
In a plant, tall and red flowers are dominate alleles; short and white flowers are recessive alleles. Cross two heterozygous tall red flowered plants.
Phenotypes:
Tall/Red - ______%
Tall/White - ______%
Short/Red - ______%
Short/White - ______%

33. Dihybrid Cross Extra Credit:
One parent has the homozygous recessive trait for dimples (none) and is heterozygous for the hand clasping trait. The other parent is heterozygous for the dimple trait and homozygous dominate for the had clasping trait (left thumb on top). What is the probability one of their children will have dimples and clasp their hands with their right thumb on top?