1. THE ROARING TWENTIES: Normalcy, Radicalism and Economic Prosperity Cause and Effect

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
SS.912.A.5.1 Discuss the economic outcomes of demobilization.
SS.912.A.5.2 Explain the causes of the public reaction(Sacco and Vanzetti, labor, racial unrest) associated with the Red Scare.
SS.912.A.5.4 Evaluate how the economic boom during the Roaring Twenties changed consumers, businesses, manufacturing, and marketing practices.
SS.912.A.5.6 Analyze the influence that Hollywood, the Harlem Renaissance, the Fundamentalist movement, and prohibition had in changing American society in the 1920s.
SS.912.A.5.10 Analyze support for and resistance to civil rights for women, African Americans, Native Americans, and other minorities.

3. “Return to Normalcy” Main Idea:
During the "Roaring 20's" social and political changes greatly impacted various racial and immigrant groups
These were also an economic boom for consumers, workers, and businesses

4. Presidents and Policies
Warren Harding
“Return to normalcy”
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
Foreign goods cost more than Americans
Calvin Coolidge
“Business is America’s business”
Respected the laissez-faire policy

5. Return to Normalcy
Source

6. “Return to Normalcy” Post-War effects on returning soldiers:
Soldiers faced unemployment or took their old jobs away from women or minorities
The demand for goods during wartime had decreased
Cost of living went up drastically

7. “Return to Normalcy” Post-War Trends: Nativism Isolationism
Stressful times after the war led to a desire to get back to normal, peaceful living
Two belief systems that shaped what people thought about foreigners resulted:
Nativism
Fearful of outsiders or foreign-born people
Isolationism
Desire to pull away from being involved in world affairs.

8. Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare
Communism
Government has a dictator
There is no private property
All businesses, factories, railroads are owned by the government
Desires that all citizens have equal wealth and power

9. Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare
American Fear of Communism
Red Scare
Americans were looking for communist in the U.S.
Fear of Communist Revolution in the U.S. in 1919 and the new Communist Party in the U.S.
Also feared worker strikes and new immigrants

10. Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare
Fundamentalist Movement:
A conservative movement where supporters wanted to restrict what was taught in schools
Eleven states raised anti-evolution legislation
They believed that the statements in the Bible are literally true and argue against the theory of evolution

11. Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare
Scopes Monkey Trial:
Stemming from the Fundamentalist Movement, charges were filed against what a teacher was teaching in school
The trial of John Scopes, a high school teacher in Tennessee, for teaching the theory of evolution in violation of state law
The trial was held in 1925
Scopes was found guilty and was later overturned
This trial is important because it stopped other states from passing similar legislation about teaching evolution

12. Radicalism, Social Unrest and the Red Scare
Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
Two Italian immigrants were accused of robbery and murder. The had unpopular views and were considered to be anarchists.
During the trial they talked about their political views and many people have thought that Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted because of their views and not because of the evidence against them

13. “Return to Normalcy” Immigration and Racial Tension:
Quota System Act 1921:
Greatly limited immigration with "quotas" from different countries
Discriminated towards countries from Eastern and Southern Europe (thought to be communists, Catholics, and Jews)

14. Rise of the Ku Klux Klan Devoted to 100% Americanism.
Keeping blacks "in their place"
Destroying saloons
Opposing unions
Getting Catholics, Jews, and foreign-born people out of the U.S.
Increase in racial violence
Rosewood Massacre in Florida was a violent massacre of African Americans
Most of the town was burned and currently remains deserted.

15. U.S. Business Boom Business Boom! Resources in America
Mass Production in industry
New Technology
Laissez-faire approach
Demand for U.S. goods is high due to tariffs on imports
Public encouraged to invest in American businesses
Source

16. U.S. Business Boom Key Government Economic Policies:
Aimed to help businesses grow (more profit)
Government cut taxes on businesses
Gave businesses more credit to expand
Reduce government spending
Fordney-McCumber Tariff- high tariffs (on foreign goods) to protect US made goods

17. Not all prospered in the Boom
Source

18. Effects of the Economic Boom
Rise in automobile ownership
Henry Ford and the Model T
Mass production, assembly lines and standardization in the car industry
Ford paid his employees higher wages
Ford made cars affordable for people from $850 in 1908 to $250 in 1925
Now 1 out of every 5 Americans owned a car
Roads, highways and gas stations were being built
By 1929, 4 million Americans worked in the car industry

19. Effects of the Economic Boom
Rise in American Standard of Living
People were making more money and could purchase more things
Mass production and mass consumption made products affordable
New technology and things that made life easier were something everyone wanted
The middle class emerged

20. Comparing Salaries and Prices from 1910-1930
Source

21. Economic Boom Use of Electricity Mass Production of Goods
Electricity was now available
People were purchasing lights, refrigerators, washers, sewing machines.
Mass production in full swing
Assembly lines increased production
What use to take 12 hours was now done in 1 hour
allowed more goods to be produced faster and cheaper

22. Effects of the Economic Boom
New Ways of Advertising
Previously only used a picture of item and price
Now the products came with a message, “buy me and you will…”
Advertisers wanted to find ways to make products appealing
They started telling people you need and deserve this product
Radios were also important to advertisers
Created commercials to tell you why you should buy their products

23. Effects of the Economic Boom
Buying Goods on Credit
“Buy now and pay later”
The middle class home wanted all the modern conveniences
To make this happen businesses let them buy on credit (make installment payments with a fee)
People could have it all but ended up in debt owing money

24. Life in the Roaring 20’s Prohibition
Also know as the “Noble Experiment”
The 18th amendment said that alcohol could not be made, sold or transported in the United States
The Progressives pushed for this to help with social problems and reduce crime

25. Life in the Roaring 20’s Bootlegging, Speakeasies and Organized Crime
Bootleggers were the people who made and sold the illegal alcohol
During Prohibition they brought in millions of gallons of illegal liquor
Customers would go to “speakeasies” which were underground illegal bars
controlled this business and would bribeOrganized crime officials
Al Capone is a noted figure from this time

26. Life in the Roaring 20’s Mass Media, Radio and Hollywood
With new technology came better forms of communication
Newspapers and radio now reached millions of people
Entertainment, sporting events, news, and advertising were in people’s homes
Hollywood became the motion picture capital of the world
Millions were now going to the movies

27. Harlem Renaissance A period in the 1920s
African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
Harlem became a cultural center for many artists
During this time there was a “great migration” where many African-Americans moved from the South to the North

28. Harlem Renaissance African American Writers, Performers and Jazz
This was a time when many African American began to be recognized for their talents in the arts.

29. The Lost Generation of Writers
Expatriates
Also known as the “lost generation”
These were a group of American writers that rebelled against America's lack of culture in the early 20th century
Many moved to cultural centers such as London and Paris in search for literary freedom
Writers include Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, and T.S. Eliot

30. Additional Resources
The Economy of the Roaring 20’s an online tutorial guide
Post War Blues and Reds, an online tutorial guide
Crash Course on the Roaring 20’s
Prejudice and Politics: Sacco, Vanzetti, and Fear, New York Times informational text on the trial
Reading Like a Historian, The Palmer Raids, looks at communism and the red scare
Reading Like a Historian, Prohibition, reviews the 18th amendment, video clip and primary source documents
Reading Like a Historian, The Scopes Trial, analyze 4 documents related to the Scope trial

31. Additional Resources
video on Prohibition 3 minutes from the History Channel
video on Scopes Monkey Trial, 1 minute video and it’s the last 30 seconds of it, also has an article giving more information on it.
the First Red Scare, video is 3 minutes and shows video from the time period
pictures and biographies of artist from the Harlem Renaissance, each about 3 minutes long
The Roaring 20’s-The Jazz Age, 5 minute video spotlighting artists of that time
Booker T Washington vs W.E.B. DuBois -- Analyzing Their Differences, video 4 minutes highlighting their contributions