1. Map quizzes 2015-16 6 throughout the course
First 10 minutes of class; if you come late, no extra time; if you skip = zero
First one on North America, Central America & the Caribbean
You must know all of the countries listed, plus any other key info I ask of you
I will then randomly choose 20 things for you to identify for me
Spelling counts! 1 mistake = ½ mark deducted, 2+ mistakes = no mark

2. Ch. 3 Migration
Why do people migrate?

3. Migration Other aspect of population Permanent move to a new location
Movement is not migration
Cyclic (commuting, seasonal) & Periodic (migrant labour, military service)
Emigration vs. Immigration
Difference between these is the ‘Net Migration’ (in or out)
NMR

7. International Migration –
Movement across country borders (implying a degree of permanence).

8. Net migration + or -

9. Cont’d… Profound impacts for both sending & receiving countries
“Brain Drain”, remittances, workforce in aging pop. etc…
Newton’s First Law of Migration: The Gravity Model
Mathematical model that estimates the movement between 2 places
Pop. Size & distance are key factors

10. Reasons for Migrating Push vs. Pull factors
Both usually play a role
Economic (most important?), Cultural & Environmental factors
Examples for each?
Intervening Obstacles
something that hinders migration
usually environmental or cultural
Historically transportation

11. Economic Cultural Environmental **Jobs Natural Resources
Canada/US as favored destination
Cultural
Voluntary vs. Involuntary (forced)
Political Instability, Atlantic Slave Trade
Native Peoples
Refugees (largest groups – Palestinians, Syrians & Afghans; internal refugees – Sudan & Angola)
Democracy as a pull factor (E vs. W Europe)
Environmental
Coasts, mountains, warmth; pull migrants
Water most common env. threat (floods, drought, disease)
Becoming a much bigger reason for migration

12. Forced Migration – the Atlantic Slave Trade

15. Refugees: Sources and destinations
Fig. 3-1: Major source and destination areas of both international and internal refugees.

16. Distance of Migration International vs. Internal migration
About 9% of worlds people are International migrants
Distance decay (ex. Mexico to US states)
“Step” migration
Forced & Voluntary
Interregional (Rural-Urban) vs. Intraregional (Cities to suburbs)
Migration Transition (Zelinsky); similar to DT
stage 2 (international) vs. stage 3 & 4 (internal)

17. Other Factors:
Migration streams; result from information flows from earlier migrants
Immigrant communities develop

18. Characteristics of Migrants
Long distance migrants tend to be
Male (more females now than before though)
Single adults (early 20s; highest %)

19. Laws of Migration - Ravenstein
Every migration flow generates a return or counter-migration
The majority of migrants move a short distance
Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations
Urban residents are less migratory than rural
Families are less likely to make int’l moves than young adults
Females are more migratory than males **to the US
Economic factors are the main cause of migration