1. Internet of Things
Farhan Malik

2. What is IoT?
Network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables these things to connect, collect and exchange data.
Essentially, collecting massive amount of data, sending it to the cloud for storage, and using AI to analyze the data, allowing to make decisions.

3. Background Concept discussed as early as 1982
Coke machine was the first internet connected appliance
“Internet of Things” coined by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble Co. (1999)
Early solutions included:
Microsoft’s at Work - tie together common business machinery (fax, photocopier, etc.)
Novell’s Nest - Data formats written with portable fashion for embedded systems
Both failed to make an impact
Machine was able to report inventory and whether newly loaded drinks were cold

4. Technology - How does IoT work?
Machine to Machine (M2M) communication with embedded sensors, inexpensive microprocessors using:
Bluetooth LE (low energy)
Cellular
IEEE (WiFi)
LPWAN (low-power wide area networks)
NFC (near-field communication)
ZigBee (low latency, simple short messaging mode) -flexible, desirable
Z-wave (900 MHz band, immune to interference) - most widely adopted

6. Communication Protocols
Rules in which computers communicate with each other
Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)
Data Distribution Service (DDS)
Advanced Messaging Queuing Protocol (AMQP)
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
Representational State Transfer (REST)
ate Transfer (REST)

7. Continued... No Universal Standard for seamless interaction yet..
Devices can communicate to internet but not well with each other .. due to proprietary hardware and software
AllJoyn - open source platform by Qualcomm
IoTivity - Cisco, Samsung, Intel, others
HomeKit by Apple
Project Brillo by Google

8. Non-IoT - phones, laptops, tablets, PCs

10. Applications
Smart Homes - cost savings (electricity), security, smart appliances
Wearables - data collection for fitness, health, etc.
Connected Cars - security, safety, efficiency, traffic congestion
Industrial Internet - QC, tracking, real-time inventory, supply chain efficiency, data collection for improved efficiencies
Smart Cities - surveillance, automated transportation, smart energy management systems, water distribution, urban security, environmental monitoring, smart trash cans
Agriculture - sensing soil moisture and nutrients, water usage, custom fertilizer, vertical farming

11. Applications Continued...
Smart Retail - demand tracking, intelligent shopping carts, smart shelf, Amazon store example
Energy Engagement - Home Area Network (HAN), smart meter, two-way communication, Optimized usage by renewable sources, scheduled appliance usage, deferring usage, real-time monitoring for reduced cost, predictability
Healthcare - data collection (from wearables), personalized analysis of health, tailor made strategies to combat illness, treatment → preventive, self-care, cost effective

12. Major Issues Cloud Attacks - growing awareness but problem persists
2017 economic cost of cybercrime was ~$900 billion
2017 economic cost of natural disasters was ~$300 billion
Botnet Problems - attacking “dumb” devices and critical infrastructure
Ex: attacking multiple thermostats leading to power surges and reduced availability
AI-Built Security Attacks - malware written by machines based on automated vulnerability detection, using AI to evade detection
Lack of Confidence - cybersecurity firm Gemalto reports:
90% users lack confidence in security of IoT devices
60% users are concerned about data being leaked
Only 14% believe they are knowledgeable on IoT device security
Botnet -controlling devices without the owner’s knowledge. (Marriot- 500M users hacked, Starwood reservation database, Unauthorized access since 2014.
AI and Deep learning- Machines can learn from experience, combination of AI and Botnet can be catastrophic

13. Class Discussion
With data being originated from many different sources, who is responsible for formulating standards and guidelines, and how will data be controlled and regulated?

14. Quiz What technology do IoT devices use to communicate?
A. Transverse waves
B. Near Field Communication (NFC)
C. JavaScript

15. What technology do IoT devices use to communicate?
A. Transverse waves
B. Near Field Communication (NFC)
C. JavaScript

16. 2. Which of the following is one of the earliest IoT devices?
Watch
Typewriter
Vending Machine

17. 2. Which of the following is one of the earliest IoT devices?
Watch
Typewriter
Vending Machine

18. The End