1. WINTER
Template
BIRTH CONTROL
aka: Contraception

2. BACKGROUND INFO 01
WINTER
Template
CONCEPTION

3. WINTER Contraception Template Pregnancy Prevention; Birth Control
“The deliberate prevention of conception or impregnation by any of various drugs, techniques, or devices” (Websters.com)
Template
Couples who choose to be sexually active and want to minimize the risk of pregnancy must decide on a method of birth control (contraception).

4. WINTER Choosing a Method Template Personal values/beliefs
There are many factors to consider when choosing a method.
Template
Personal values/beliefs
Relationship with partner
Frequency of intercourse
Cost and availability
Ease of use (How much planning or preparation is needed?)
Ability to use consistently and correctly
Concern about sexually transmitted disease
Health/safety/comfort
Effectiveness

5. WINTER Effectiveness/Failure Rate Template
How good a method of birth control is at preventing pregnancy
Template
Contraceptive methods are measured by their “failure rate” - the percentage of pregnancies that result in one year by people using that method.
Without the use of birth control, 85 out of 100 couples will get pregnant in a year.
Often, failure of a contraceptive method is due to misuse of the method.

6. WINTER Typical vs. Correct Use Template
The efficacy of a birth control method varies significantly based on the way it is used.
Template
Typical Use: 
When contraception is not used every time, or it’s not used according to instructions every time.
Correct/Perfect Use: 
When contraception is used every time, and it is used according to instructions every time.
Source: Young Women’s Health

7. WINTER Methods Template Diaphragm Cervical Cap Behavioral Abstinence
Withdrawal
Fertility Awareness
Barrier
Condom (male & female)
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
Contraceptive Sponge
Spermicide
Hormonal
Oral Pill
Patch
Ring
Shot
Implant
Emergency contraception
Long-Term/Intrauterine
IUD
Permanent
Vasectomy
Tubal Ligation
Template
(and more!)

8. BEHAVIOR METHODS 02
Changes in sexual behavior and patterns in order to attempt to prevent pregnancy
Require serious commitment of both individuals
EXAMPLES:
Abstinence
Withdrawal
Natural Family Planning

9. Abstinence Definition: Choosing not to have vaginal, oral, or anal sex
Type: Behavioral
Effectiveness:
100%
Other Info:
Only 100% effective method of pregnancy AND disease prevention
Free and always available
People can choose to be abstinent at any time in their lives
People choose abstinence for a variety of reasons

10. Withdrawal
Definition: Pulling the penis out of the vagina prior to ejaculation
Type: Behavioral
Effectiveness
78% with typical use
Other Info:
Free and always available
It takes experience and a lot of self control
Women do not have any power/control over the execution
Withdrawal does not protect against STD’s

11. Fertility Awareness
Definition: Avoiding sex when ovulation is most likely
(Temperature, Cervical Mucus, Calendar)

12. Fertility Awareness Avoiding sex when ovulation is most likely
Type: Behavioral
Effectiveness:
76-88% with typical use
Other Info:
Free or minimal cost for a special thermometer, classes, etc.
No medical or hormonal side effects
Very complicated, requires commitment of BOTH partners
Exceptionally difficult for women with irregular menstrual cycles
Other factors can affect body temperature and cervical mucus
No protection against STDs
An option for people who oppose other forms of birth control

13. 03 BARRIER METHODS Create a physical barrier between sperm and the egg
Must be put in place before any sexual activity
Must be used consistently and correctly
EXAMPLES:
Condom
Female Condom
Contraceptive Sponge
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
Spermicide

14. Spermicide
Definition: A substance used to immobilize sperm and prevent them from reaching the egg.
Type: Barrier
Failure Rate/Effectiveness:
71%
Other Info:
Costs approx. $8/package
More effective when used in combination with condoms and other methods
No hormonal side effects
Available without a prescription
Must be put in place 15 minutes before intercourse
Some people are allergic
Does not protect against STD’s

15. Male Condom
Definition: A thin sheath that fits over an erect penis & traps semen inside to prevent sperm from meeting with an egg.
Type: Barrier
Effectiveness:
85%
Other Info:
Cost about $1-$2 each (but are sometimes available for free)
Prevents pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases
Can be used for vaginal, anal, or oral sex
More effective when used in combination with spermicide
Safe, effective, and easy to get
Single use

16. Female Condom
Definition: A plastic pouch that is inserted into the vagina. It traps semen inside to prevent sperm from meeting with an egg.
Type: Barrier
Effectiveness:
79%
Other Info:
Cost about $4 each
Prevents pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections
Gives power/control to woman
Can be inserted up to 8 hours before sex.
Single use

17. Diaphragm/Cervial Cap
Definition: A barrier combined with spermicide that provides a barrier to sperm. Fits into vagina and covers the cervix.
Type: Barrier
Effectiveness:
86-88% (for someone that has never given birth)
Other Info:
Needs a special fitting/more expensive
Costs up to $75, but can be $0
No hormonal side effects
Preparation is needed
Some may be uncomfortable putting it into place
Can be put in place 2 hours before sex
Must be left in for at least 6 hours after sex
Diaphragms can be left in for 24 hours and Cervical Caps can be left in for 2 days
No protection against STD’s
Reusable
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap

18. Sponge
Definition: A soft, squishy, plastic sponge and spermicide is inserted into the vagina to prevent pregnancy by blocking the cervix and preventing sperm from moving.
Type: Barrier
Effectiveness:
88% (for someone that has never given birth)
Other Info:
Costs $0–$15 for a package of three sponges
Can be put in place up to 24 hours before sex
Must remain in place for at least 6 hours after sex
No hormonal side effects
Preparation is needed
Some may be uncomfortable putting it into place
Spermicide must be reapplied each time
No protection against STDs
One use
Sponge

19. HORMONAL METHODS 04
Stop ovulation (the release of the mature egg by the ovary)
Increase cervical mucus (making it difficult for sperm to pass)
Must be prescribed by a doctor
No protection against disease
EXAMPLES:
Oral Pill
Patch
Ring
Shot
Implant
Emergency contraception

20. Oral Contraceptive (“The Pill”)
Definition: A pill, taken once a day, that releases hormones to stop ovulation and thicken cervical mucus to keep the sperm from reaching an egg.
These pills contain hormones.
These pills do not contain hormones. They are optional and included to help women maintain their regular schedule. A woman will have her period this week.

21. Oral Contraceptive (“The Pill”)
Type: Hormonal
Effectiveness:
91%
Other Info:
Cost depends on insurance coverage
Need to take a pill every day at roughly the same time
Nothing to put into place before sex
There can be side effects
No protection against STDs
Many options

22. Other Hormonal Options
“The Ring”
Left in place for 3 or 4 weeks.
“The Patch”
Replaced 1x/week
Belly, upper arm, butt, or back
“The Implant”
Replaced up to every 4 years
“The Shot”
Injected every 3 months

23. Emergency Contraception
Pregnancy doesn't happen right after sex. That's why it's possible to prevent pregnancy even after the fact. It can take up to six days for the sperm and egg to meet after having sex. Emergency contraception pills work by keeping a woman's ovary from releasing an egg or preventing sperm from moving. Pregnancy cannot happen if there is no egg to join with sperm or if sperm cannot make it to the egg. Emergency contraception won’t work if you’re already pregnant, and it won’t harm an existing pregnancy. Emergency contraception doesn’t end a pregnancy — it prevents one.

24. Emergency Contraception
Definition: Pill(s) or IUD that reduce the risk of pregnancies by delaying or inhibiting ovulation, or preventing sperm from getting to the egg.
Type: Emergency
Info:
Option 1: Get a ParaGard IUD within 120 hours (5 days) after having unprotected sex. This is the most effective type of emergency contraception. It is made of copper which prevents sperm from swimming to the egg.
Option 2: Take an emergency contraceptive pill (AKA the morning-after pill) within 120 hours (5 days) after having unprotected sex. There are 2 types of morning-after pills. Ella requires a prescription and Plan B can be purchased over the counter.

25. 05 LONG-TERM & PERMANENT Must be inserted/performed by a doctor
No protection against disease

26. Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Definition: Copper (12 years) and hormonal (3/4/5/or 6 years) devices that prevent sperm from moving (copper) or thicken cervical mucous, and prevent ovulation (hormonal)
Type: Long Term
Effectiveness:
99%
Other Info:
Cost depends on insurance coverage
Some versions also have a small amount of hormone that prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus.
Nothing to put into place before sex
Can be left in up to 12 years (copper)
No protection against STDs

27. Permanent Methods
Definition: Surgical procedure that blocks the fallopian tubes in a woman (tubal ligation) or the vas deferens in a man (vasectomy)
Type: Permanent
Failure Rate/Effectiveness:
99% +
Other Info:
Cost depends on insurance coverage
Nothing to put into place before sex
No protection against STDs
No lasting side effects on pleasure
Surgical procedure involves risk and recovery
Reversibility not guaranteed/possibility of regret
Tubal ligation is more complicated