1. Q.Q. 09/25
Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?
X-rays
Computer
The light microscope
The scanning electron microscope
Answer: C

2. Types of Microscopes Used Today (Review):
Light Microscope:
uses a beam of light to produce image; LIVING tissue/organisms
Compound Light microscope:
multiple lenses
(scanning, low, high power)
Electron Microscope: uses an electron beam to produce image; more powerful than light; for NON-LIVING things
Scanning (SEM): external surface of cells
Transmission (TEM): internal structures of cells
Electron microscope - Non-Living

3. Test Corrections
Wednesday Sept. 26th
After School
Room 8-221

4. Q.Q. 09/26
A scientist is studying a cell from an unidentified organism.
Which feature of the cell provides the strongest evidence that the organism is a prokaryote and not a eukaryote?
The cell contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
B) The cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
C) The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall.
D) The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane but not a cell wall.

5. Q.Q. 09/26
A scientist is studying a cell from an unidentified organism.
Which feature of the cell provides the strongest evidence that the organism is a prokaryote and not a eukaryote?
The cell contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
B) The cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
C) The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall.
D) The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane but not a cell wall.

6. Unit #2: Cell Structures & Function
Quiz on Friday, 9/28!

7. Organelles Very small (Microscopic)
Perform various functions for a cell
Found in the cytoplasm
May or may not be membrane-bound
tschwartz 7

8. Cell or Plasma Membrane
*STRUCTURE: Double layer of phospholipids and proteins
Function:
Surrounds outside of ALL cells for protection
Semipermeable- controls what enters or leaves the cell
Outside
of cell
Inside
(cytoplasm)
Cell
membrane
Proteins
Protein
channel
Lipid bilayer
Carbohydrate
chains
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – Both
YES
tschwartz

9. Cell Wall Outside cell membrane Rigid-structure made of
Supports and protects cell
Rigid-structure made of
cellulose in plants;
Also in Fungi and bacteria
Cell wall
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – Plants ONLY!
YES
tschwartz

10. Cytoplasm of Cell Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
Contains organelles
Found in ALL cells
cytoplasm
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH
YES
tschwartz

11. Nucleus- The Control Organelle
Function:
“Control center” of the cell—> directs cell activities
Stores genetic information (DNA and chromosomes)
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH NO
tschwartz

12. NUCLEUS continued… Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Envelope (nuclear membrane)
Contains nuclear pores for materials to enter & leave nucleus
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH NO
Nuclear pores
tschwartz

13. Nucleolus Function: Dark center, inside nucleus Makes ribosomes
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH NO
tschwartz

14. Chromosomes Function:
Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus
Contains all genetic information
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH
YES

15. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
Function:
“Highway system” to transport substances to different parts of the cell via vesicles
Has ribosomes that make membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT out of cell
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH NO
tschwartz

16. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
Function:
Lacks or NO ribosomes
Makes lipids
(fats, oils & steroids)
Removes toxins from cell (drugs and poisons)
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH NO
tschwartz

17. Ribosomes
Function:
Can be attached to Rough ER or be free in the cytoplasm
Join amino acids to make proteins 
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH
YES!
tschwartz

18. Lysosomes Function: Contain digestive enzymes
Breaks down old organelles, removes waste, protects the cell from invaders
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH NO
tschwartz

19. Golgi Body (apparatus)
Function:
Modify, sort, & package proteins and lipids from ER to different parts of the cell
Receive proteins made by ER
Look like flattened pancakes!!!
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH NO
tschwartz
Transport vesicle

20. Golgi Animation
Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES.
tschwartz

21. Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria)
Function:
“Powerhouse” of cell
Burns glucose to produce ATP (energy)
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH NO
tschwartz

22. Centrioles Function: Come in pairs, near nucleus
Helps pull chromosome pairs apart during cell division
Only in ANIMAL cells
Look like churros!!!
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – ANIMAL ONLY! NO
tschwartz

23. Vacuoles Function: Fluid filled sacks for food or water or storage
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH
Plants- Big central
Animals- small NO
tschwartz

24. Chloroplasts Function:
Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)
Only in Plant cells and some Protists (algae)
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – PLANTS ONLY! NO
tschwartz

25. Cilia & Flagella Function: Cilia
Short, hair-like structures that aid in movement
Flagella
Long, whip-like “tail” that aids in movement
Eutreptiella-
Flagella movement
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – ANIMAL ONLY!
YES- flagella only
Paramecium- Cilia movement
tschwartz

26. *ADD IN! Cytoskeleton Function: Provides support and structure
Also helps move proteins around
EUKARYOTE
(Plant? Animal?)
PROKARYOTE
YES – BOTH NO
tschwartz

27. EOC Review Question 
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
A. mitochondrion - movement
B. ribosome - protein synthesis
C. vacuole - cell division
D. nucleus - storage of nutrients
tschwartz

28. EOC Review Question  Which of these best completes this concept map?
A. an animal cell
B. a prokaryotic cell
C. a virus
D. a plant cell
tschwartz

29. Microscope Viewing of Cells
Take a look at a PLANT and ANIMAL cells
Plant – Elodea (Aquatic plant)
Look at shape, nucleus, green chloroplasts?
Animal – Cheek cells
Compare shape to Plant cells
Look for nucleus
tschwartz

30. Plant Cell 30
tschwartz 30

31. Nucleolus
Animal
Cell
tschwartz

32. Extra Credit Opportunity!
Complete Amoeba sisters Prok. & Euk. Video Recap handout
Bring tomorrow and turn in before Quiz!
*Also- Re-Watch from class for cell organelle review!