1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory
The Cell Theory
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms.
All cells come from preexisting cells.

2. Magnifies images up to 1,000 times the actual size
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory
Light Microscopes
Utilizes a series of glass lenses and visible light to magnify an image
Magnifies images up to 1,000 times the actual size

3. Utilizes magnets to aim a beam of electrons at a cell to produce
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory
Electron Microscopes
Utilizes magnets to aim a beam of electrons at
a cell to produce
an image
Magnifies images up to 500,000 times the actual size
9560x

4. Contains a plasma membrane
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory
Prokaryotic Cell
Simple structure
Contains a plasma membrane
Does not contain membrane-bound organelles
11,000x

5. More complex structure
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory
Eukaryotic Cell
More complex structure
Contains a plasma membrane
Contains membrane-bound organelles
400x

6. The Metric System, and Size pg # 50-51
The Meter is the base unit
1 Kilometer (km) = 1000 Meter (m)
About two thirds of a mile
1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 m
Half the diameter of a penny
1 Millimeter (mm) = m
About the size of pencil lead
1 Micrometer = m
Length of an average bacterial cell
1 Nanometer (nm) = m
About the length of a water molecule

7. Thin, flexible boundary between the cell and its environment
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.2 The Plasma Membrane
Plasma Membrane
Thin, flexible boundary between the cell and its environment
Allows nutrients into the cell
Allows waste to leave the cell

8. Selective Permeability
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.2 The Plasma Membrane
Selective Permeability
The plasma membrane controls the movement of
substances into
and out of the cell.
Plasma Membrane
Controls the amount of a substance entering the cell
Controls the amount of a substance leaving the cell

9. The plasma membrane is composed of the phospholipid bilayer.
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.2 The Plasma Membrane
The plasma membrane is composed of the phospholipid bilayer.
A phospholipid molecule is composed of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group.

10. Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.2 The Plasma Membrane
Fluid Mosaic Model
The phospholipid bilayer allows other molecules to “float” in the membrane.
Other Components
Proteins
Cholesterol
Carbohydrates

11. Transmit signals inside the cell Act as a support structure
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.2 The Plasma Membrane
Proteins
Transmit signals inside the cell
Act as a support structure
Provide pathways for substances to enter and leave

12. Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.2 The Plasma Membrane
Cholesterol
Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together

13. Identify chemical signals
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.2 The Plasma Membrane
Carbohydrates
Identify chemical signals

14. Short, numerous projections that look like hairs
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cilia
Short, numerous projections that look like hairs
400x
Flagella
Longer and less numerous than cilia
Create movement with a whiplike motion
26,367x

15. Movement of particles across the cell membrane without using energy
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Passive Transport
Movement of particles across the cell membrane without using energy
Modes of Three Passive Transport
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis

16. Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Diffusion
Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
Initial Conditions
Diffusion
Low
High
High
Low

17. Diffusion is controlled by
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Diffusion is controlled by
Temperature
Pressure
Concentration
Dynamic Equilibrium
Reached when diffusion of material into the cell equals diffusion of material out of the cell
Molecules continue to move, but the overall concentration remains the same.

18. Diffusion in a Cell 7.4 Cellular Transport Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Diffusion in a Cell

19. Facilitated Diffusion
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of materials across the plasma membrane using proteins

20. Channel Proteins Carrier Proteins 7.4 Cellular Transport Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Channel Proteins
Carrier Proteins

21. Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Three Types of Solutions
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

22. Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Isotonic Solution
Water and dissolved substances diffuse into and out of the cell at the same rate.
Plant Cell
Blood Cell
11,397x

23. Solute concentration is higher inside the cell.
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Hypotonic Solution
Solute concentration is higher inside the cell.
Water diffuses into the cell.
Plant Cell
Blood Cell
13,000x

24. Solute concentration is higher outside the cell.
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Hypertonic Solution
Solute concentration is higher outside the cell.
Water diffuses out of the cell.
Plant Cell
Blood Cell
13,000x

25. Active Transport Using Carrier Proteins
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Active Transport
Movement of particles across the cell membrane using energy
Active Transport Using Carrier Proteins

26. Types of Active Transport Pumps
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Types of Active Transport Pumps
Na+/K+ ATPase pump or NA/K Pump
Moves three Na+ ions out of the cell and two K+ ions into the cell

27. Process by which the cell surrounds and takes particles into the cell
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.4 Cellular Transport
Endocytosis
Process by which the cell surrounds and takes particles into the cell
Exocytosis
Secretion of material out of the plasma membrane