1. Virus Structure, Classification, and Cycles of Infection
Tommy Merlo, Ashley Christiansen, Megan Rathke and Dakota Hurwitz

2. Overview What is a virus and its structure
Different types of viruses and real-life example
The Lytic Cycle
The Lysogenic Cycle

3. What is a virus? Contains a nucleic acid in proteins Protein capsid
Microorganism
Humans have healthy viruses

4. Part 2 Differences Single or double stranded RNA or DNA genomes
Different shapes
Small or big bases

5. Structures Viruses Contain
All viruses contain DNA and RNA
Funtion of DNA: stores an organism's genetic material in the nuclei
Function of RNA: transcribe and translate genes and proteins

6. All viruses contain protein capsids
Part 2
All viruses contain protein capsids
Function of protein capsids: shell of the virus and encloses genetic material

7. Bacteriophage “Bacteria eater”- infects bacteria
Injects DNA into the bacterium
Infects and kills host cell through replication
Made up of DNA or RNA and a protein coat

8. Adenovirus Group of viruses that can infect membranesAC
Adenovirus
Group of viruses that can infect membranes
All ages but mostly babies and children
Highly contagious
Lasts a few days to a week

9. Retrovirus Contain RNA as their genetic informationAC
Retrovirus
Contain RNA as their genetic information
Uses the enzyme Reverse Transcriptase
Insert their DNA into the DNA of the host cell
May remain dormant
Responsible for some types of cancer and AIDS

10. Real Life Examples Bacteriophage Adenovirus Phage Therapy Pinkeye
Phage therapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections, such as E.coli
Adenovirus
Pinkeye
Infects the the mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and eye surface.
Symptoms: Swelling/ itching of eyelids, redness in white of eye, tearing, clear/thickish drainage
Treatments: antibiotic eyedrops/ointment, warm or cold compresses

11. Real Life Example Retrovirus AIDSAC
Treatments: antiretroviral therapy- a combination of medicines to fight HIV infection
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor: bind to and block HIV reverse transcriptase to prevent HIV from replicating
Retrovirus
AIDS
attacks and destroys the CD4 helper lymphocyte, which are crucial to the immune system and immune response.
Symptoms: rapid weight loss, frequent fevers, swelling of the lymph glands, diarrhea, Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders

12. Lytic Cycle
Usually considered as the main method of viral reproduction
Its job is to destroy all infected cells in the body
Also destroys the cell membrane
Viruses that only use the lytic cycle are Virulent Viruses

13. Lytic Cycle Steps 1-3 Virus attaches itself to the bacteria
Virus puts DNA in the bacteria
DNA uses cellular machinery to reproduce itself 1 2 3

14. Lytic Cycle Steps 4. Proteins are produced from the genes in the DNA
5. The particles assemble into new viruses
6. Viruses overrun the cell and burst free and kill the cell 4 5 6

15. Lysogenic Cycle A virus integrates its DNA of the host cell
The host cell’s viral genetic information replicates
Prophage- DNA that’s embedded in the host’s DNA
It isn’t always active; may take years DH

16. Lysogenic cycle of Infection
The first two steps are both parts of the Lyctic cycle
Bacteriophage injects DNA into bacterium(cell walls that lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease)
Bacteriophage DNA forms a circle DH

17. Lysogenic cycle of infection (pt 2)
Bacteriophage inserts itself into host cell
Prophage may replicate for generations(mitosis)
Prophage can exit the bacterial chromosome, then enter the Lyctic DH

18. Differences between Lytic and Lysogenic
Lysogenic viruses don’t lyse the host cell right away
Remains inactive for a period of time
Replicates Host DNA
Lytic takes over immediately
Lytic makes copies of itself DH

19. Similarities Between Lytic and Lysogenic
Both methods of viral replication
Steps one and two are the exact same
Both occur after there is a virus in a cell

20. Single or double stranded DNA or RNA is an example of how viruses can be different.
True
False
True

21. What are 2 structures viruses contain?
RNA and Protein capsids
DNA and RNA
DNA and protein capsids
DNA or RNA and Protein capsids D

22. Which 2 steps of the Lysogenic cycle are the same as the Lyctic?
Last two
First two
No steps are the same
The middle two B

23. What enzyme is the Retrovirus named after?AC
What enzyme is the Retrovirus named after?
Helicase
Reversicase
Reverse Transcriptase
Ligase Transcription
Reverse Transcriptase

24. The Lytic cycle doesn’t lyse the host cell right away.
True
False B

25. AC
True or False
A bacteriophage infects your respiratory tract, eyes, intestines, urinary tract, and nervous system.
False!!!

26. True or False?
The lytic cycle begins before the virus enters the cell.
FALSE

27. What is considered the main method of viral reproduction?
A: Glycolysis
B: Lytic Cycle
C: Lysogenic Cycle
D: Virus Cycle B

28. Now you know…. What a virus is and its structure
The different viruses and examples
The Lytic cycle
The Lysogenic cycle