1. Chapter 8 Energy Resources and Consumption
By Viteri

2. Energy concepts
1st Law of thermodynamics- Energy Cannot be created or destroyed
2nd Law Entropy is always increasing
There are many different types of energy
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Solar Energy
Chemical Energy
Electrical Energy
Mechanical Energy
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3. Common Energy Conversion Problems
KWH- How many KW per Hour
100 Watt light bulb was on for 10 hours. How many KWH’s?
If each KWH is $ How much does it cost to have the light bulb on?
Practice 2013 Question Number 2
Megawatt 1.0 X 10^6
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4. Need to Predict Time and energy Trend
Nuclear Power began in the 1970’s Coal was our oldest form of major energy as we moved from biomass/wood (1800’s) 1900’s We started using Petroleum and Natural Gas (much more Petroleum than gas) As of recently coal is declining Renewables remain low

5. How is electricity Produced
Example of how a coal fire plant works.
Vocabulary
Turbine
Generator
Cooling Towers
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How is electricity Produced

6. How Nuclear Power Plants work
Example of how a Nuclear PowerPlant Works
Vocabulary
Control Rods
Reactor Core
Condensor
Major pollutant from Nuclear Power is THERMAL POLLUTION and NUCLEAR WASTE
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How Nuclear Power Plants work

7. Due to Energy Crisis in 1970’s there was a need for alternative forms of Energy
Nuclear Power was the answer
Nuclear Power uses heat from the break down of a radioactive material.
The radioactive material is Uranium 235
Since there is very little in nature it must be enriched by hitting it with alpha neutrons
Uranium 235 Uranium 238 Th234
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More on Nuclear Power

8. Nuclear waste take a great deal of time to break down
Nuclear waste take a great deal of time to break down. It will remain dangerous after is has completed its commercial use. Currently it is stored on the nuclear plant for storage.
Was planned to store at Yucca Mountain
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More on Nuclear Power

9. Revisiting HalfLife
If you have 1/16 left of a substance that has a half life of 1000 years. How old is this substance?
Original Carbon 14 was 100grams and now 12.5 grams was all that remained. Each half life is 5000 years. How old is the fossil?
The halflife of solar panels is 20 years. What is the efficiency of the solar panels after 40 years?
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10. Nuclear Power Plant Accidents
Three Mile Island Pennsylvania
Chernobyl Ukraine
Fukishima Japan
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Nuclear Power Plant Accidents

11. Coal is the most abundant type of fossil Fuel
There are four different types of coal
Anthracite
Bituminous
Sub bituminous
Lignite
Peat
The best type of coal to burn contains the highest amount of carbon and least amount of sulfur
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12. Coal is Bad for the Air
Burning coal releases Mercury more than any other fossil fuel.
Burning coal also releases sulfur in the atmosphere which produces sulfuric acid in acid deposition.
Wet Scrubbers
Smoke Stacks
Fluid bed combustion
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13. World Reserves for Coal
Russia and the USA have the most coal according to our text.
China burns the most coal right now.
150 Years left of Coal
Clean coal technologies may clean the air pollution caused by coal burning.
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14. Oil/Petroleum/Crude Many products are made from petroleum.
Obtained from pores of sandstone and shale.
Can be found in oceans.
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Oil/Petroleum/Crude

15. Oil Spills BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico-2010
Effected the fish and tourism industry
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in Alaska-1989
We didn’t know what to do
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16. How to clean up OiL Spills
Booms
Chemical Dispersants
Fire
Bioremediation
Absorbants
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17. Different Methods of Clean up
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18. Oil Reserves The middle east has the most oil reserves.
Most of the easiest oil supplies have been drilled already.
Now there is a move toward ocean drilling.
50 years of oil left
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Oil Reserves

19. Natural Gas/Methane/CH4
Natural Gas is found in in the ground like other fossil fuels.
Cleanest burning fossil fuel.
Obtained by fracking.
Fracking Cons
Uses a lot of water
Can leak and cause water pollution
Earthquakes
Harmful chemicals are added to the ground
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Natural Gas/Methane/CH4

20. Renewables Solar Energy is broken down into Active and Passive Systems
Passive Systems uses heat from the sun directly
Active Solar transforms sun energy into electrical energy
Photovoltaic cells
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21. Renewables in General Renewables can be used indefinitely
They also typically do not cause any greenhouse gases.
Examples with no green house gases include solar, wind, hydroelectric
There are cons also associated with renewables but we need to do something because fossil fuels will run out and Global climate change.
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22. Renewables Cont. Geothermal Energy
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Renewables Cont.
Geothermal Energy

23. Cons of GEothermal Noise Pollution Earthquakes Location Specific
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Cons of GEothermal

24. Wind Turbines Wind turbines are noisy and unsightly
They kill birds and migration patterns
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25. Hydroelectric Power Dams are used to create electricity
They can kill migrating fish
They can dry up wetlands downstream
They can cause eutrophication upstream
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26. BioFuels
Biofuels are fuels like biodiesel that is made from the plants.
They do release greenhouse gases however since they are using current carbon there is no net increase.
The use of crops for fuel increases the price of food since now crops will be used for fuel.
Fermentation makes ethanol which can also be used as a fuel.
Methane is also made by the decomposition of organic waste in a anaerobic environment. (Biogas)
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