1. Chapter 6 The Muscular System – Muscle Movements
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Chapter 6 The Muscular System – Muscle Movements
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. Muscles and Body Movements
Muscles are attached to bone at two points:
ORIGIN – attachment to an immoveable bone
INSERTION – attachment to a movable bone
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 6.12

3. Major types of muscles involved in a movement:
AGONIST (or Prime Mover)
Muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
EXAMPLE: Biceps brachii is the prime mover or agonist when flexing the lower arm.

4. Major types of muscles involved in a movement:
ANTAGONIST
Muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
EXAMPLE: Triceps is the antagonist to the biceps brachii.

5. Types of Muscles SYNERGISTS
Muscles that aid a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation
EXAMPLE: Muscles that stabilize the wrist are synergists (for finger movement).

6. Types of Muscles FIXATORS Stabilize the origins of a prime mover
EXAMPLE: Muscles that minimize scapula movement (while arm is moving) are fixators.

7. Types of Body Movements
Flexion/ Extension
Abduction/ Adduction
Circumduction
Rotation/ Lateral Rotation/ Medial Rotation
Protraction/ Retraction
Elevation/ Depression
Plantar Flexion/ Dorsiflexion
Eversion/ Inversion
Pronation/ Supination
Opposition/Gliding Movement

8. Body Movements

9. Body Movements

10. Body Movements

11. Body Movements

12. Special Movements of the Foot

13. Special Movements of the Hand