1. WARM-UP 7SEP18
How was Phrenology applied in the late 19th / early 20th century in the United States?

2. WARM-UP 7SEP18
How was Phrenology applied in the late 19th / early 20th century in the United States?
Was used to justify the superiority of those of Northern and Western European descent
Additional reason to discriminate against immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe (Catholics)
Additional “scientific” evidence of the inferiority of those of African descent

3. Intro to Psychology
Cognitive Processes involve our conscious intellectual activity:
Thinking
Reasoning
Remembering
We use all or one of
these to process information

4. Intro to Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Studies animal and human behaviors
Examines what humans think, feel and do

5. WARM-UP 10SEP18
What is the difference between being poor in the United States and being poor in a Third World Country in terms of the growth and development of children?

6. WARM-UP 10SEP18
What is the difference between being poor in the United States and being poor in a Third World Country in terms of the growth and development of children?

7. WARM-UP 10SEP18
What is the difference between being poor in the United States and being poor in a Third World Country in terms of the growth and development of children?

8. Intro to Psychology
Systematic Method: Asking and answering questions about why people think, act and feel as they do.
- Reduces the chance of false conclusions

9. Intro to Psychology
Insight: The act or result of being aware of the inner nature of things

10. Intro to Psychology
Principles – Explain why people or animals behave as they do
Hypothesis – An educated guess or expected outcome
Theory – Complex explanation based on findings from a large number of experimental studies. Can be the source to conduct more experiments

11. Intro to Psychology Psychology as an applied science:
Follows the scientific method
Use the information gained from experimentation to help solve problems

12. Intro to Psychology QUESTION HYPOTHESIS REJECT AND REVISE HYPOTHESIS
EXPERIMENT
ADDITIONAL
HYPOTHESIS
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
OTHER PSYCHOLOGISTS REPLICATE AND TEST THEIR THEORIES
THEORY

13. Intro to Psychology Scientific method is linked to introspection by –
Wilhelm Wundt used a method of self-observation
Created a systematic method for recording data
Wundt’s experiments were cumbersome, but his methodology during experiments helped lead to the scientific method as we know it today

14. WARM-UP 11SEP18
How are children impacted by the denial of love and attention?

15. WARM-UP 11SEP18
How are children impacted by the denial of love and attention?
Harlow’s Monkey Experiment
Need for affection over-rides the need for food

16. 9/11 Reflection
September 11, 2001: George W. Bush addresses the nation

17. Intro to Psychology So what do we gain from studying Psychology?
First, it connects all of the sciences (History, Biology, Chemistry…)
Looks at the influences of society on individual behavior and group relationships
Examines biological factors for behavior
Provides the opportunity to look at problems from the Scientific Method
Critical thinking and objectivity

18. Intro to Psychology
Check on Learning:
What are the differences between a principle, a hypothesis and a theory?
After you formulate your answers – I WILL CALL ON ONE TEAM TO EXPLAIN TO THE CLASS

19. History of Psychology
Phrenology: Examining bumps on a person’s skull to determine intellect and character traits

20. History of Psychology
So, Phrenology helped lead psychologists to study the brain as the source of human behavior, compared to using the heart.

21. History of Psychology Functionalist Psychology:
William James “father of psychology in the U.S.”
Speculated that thinking, feeling, learning and remembering serve one major function: SURVIVAL
Functionalists study how people and animals adapt to their environments
QUESTION: WHAT METHODS DO HUMANS USE TO SURVIVE?

22. History of Psychology Inheritable Traits Theory:
Sir Francis Galton – Wealthy or Distinguished families produced geniuses and fit offspring
Societies should eliminate the births from less desirable couples
Scientists have concluded that heredity, along with environment influences intelligence

23. History of Psychology Gestalt: A Whole Pattern
German psychologists disagreed with the principles of structuralism and behaviorism
Seeing the whole of an item rather than the individual parts

24. WARM-UP 12SEP18
What are the symptoms of psychotic disorders?

25. WARM-UP 12SEP18 What are the symptoms of psychotic disorders?
Hallucinations
Delusions
Disordered forms of thinking

26. History of Psychology Six Contemporary Approaches to Psychology:
Psychoanalytic – Objective observation
Behavioral – Investigate observable behavior
Humanistic – External forces shape behavior
Cognitive – How we process information
Biological – Impact of Biology on behavior
Sociocultural – Influence of cultural and ethnic similarities/differences and social functioning

27. History of Psychology
Sigmund Freud: Believed that the unconscious motivations and conflicts are responsible for behavior

28. History of Psychology Free Association: Developed by Sigmund Freud
Patient says whatever comes to mind
No matter how unrelated or absurd
Psychoanalyst listens and interprets

29. WARM-UP 18SEP18
Why would a professional athlete need the services of a psychologist?

30. WARM-UP 18SEP18
Why would a professional athlete need the services of a psychologist?
To help with motivation, setting goals and anxiety

31. History of Psychology
Case Study: An analysis of the thoughts, feelings, beliefs, experiences, behaviors or problems of an individual.

32. History of Psychology
Lev Vygotsky: Emphasized the impact of cultural and social factors on cognitive development of children

33. History of Psychology Melancholic – Black Bile = Sadness
Hippocrates - “Father of Medicine” became one of the first people to claim that illness had natural, not supernatural causes
Galen – Extended the theories of Hippocrates, making connections between various humors and personality characteristics
Melancholic – Black Bile = Sadness
Sanguine – Red Blood exhibited confidence
Choleric – Yellow Bile - Irritable
Phlegmatic – Phlegm - Unexcitable

34. Intro to Psychology
Check on Learning:
How do cognitive psychologists differ from behavioral psychologists?
After you formulate your answers – I WILL CALL ON ONE TEAM TO EXPLAIN TO THE CLASS

35. History of Psychology
Clinical and Counseling Psychology are the two largest types of practiced psychology.
They differ in that Clinical psychologists help people deal with their personal problems (private office, mental hospitals and prisons)
Counseling psychologists advise and assist people dealing with problems of everyday life.

36. History of Psychology How do psychologists and psychiatrists differ?
Psychiatrist complete medical school and then train in psychiatric medicine to treat people with disturbed behavior
Psychiatrist can prescribe medication

37. History of Psychology

38. History of Psychology Role of the School Psychologist:
Give psychological test, supervise programs for students with special needs and help teachers implement classroom strategies

39. History of Psychology Pro Athletes need psychologists?
Help athletes set goals
Deal with issues of motivation, anxiety and competition

40. History of Psychology
Developmental psychologists study physical, emotional, cognitive and social changes that occur from birth to death

41. History of Psychology
Environmental psychologists: They look at the effects of natural disasters, overcrowding and pollution on the population

42. History of Psychology
Experimental Psychologist: Perform research to understand how humans and animals operate
Electrical stimulation on certain parts of the brain
Study how disturbed people think
How different socio-economic groups vote in elections

43. History of Psychology APA: American Psychological Association
Scientific and professional society of psychologists and educators

44. History of Psychology TEST – THURSDAY ON INTRO/HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
- LETS REVIEW THE SLIDES AND PICK OUT THE TOPICS