1. Long-Term Independent Brain-Computer Interface Home Use Improves Quality of Life of a Patient in the Locked-In State: A Case Study 
Elisa Mira Holz, MSc, Loic Botrel, MS, Tobias Kaufmann, PhD, Andrea Kübler, PhD 
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 
Volume 96, Issue 3, Pages S16-S26 (March 2015)
DOI: /j.apmr
Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Brain Painting P300 matrix with face overlay stimulation. An object can be defined by choosing the position of the cursor, shape (rectangle, circle, cloud), color (white, yellow, green, blue, cyan, magenta, red, black), location, brush and grid size, and opacity (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The user can zoom in and out for working on details. A toolbox at the top of the P300 matrix displays the latest selections. The selected object is displayed on a second monitor, the digital painting canvas. Choosing the color transfers the object to the canvas. In the study we used the well-known face of Albert Einstein, which is not printed because of copyrights issues.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , S16-S26DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
End user during Brain Painting at her home. While painting, the Brain Painting matrix is displayed on her assistive device personal computer. The monitor on the right serves as a digital canvas.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , S16-S26DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
ERPs from electrode position Cz at calibrations 1 (start), 2 (after 2mo), and 3 (after 9mo). Calibrations 1 and 2 shared the same parameters and were conducted based on a spelling 6×8 P300 matrix. Calibration 3 was conducted with the Einstein face stimulation overlaid on the Brain Painting matrix. Red lines indicate target stimuli; blue dashed lines, nontarget stimuli; and green intervals, stimulus duration.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , S16-S26DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Evaluation results of 200 Brain Painting sessions. In sessions 1 to 8, only VAS satisfaction was assessed. Therefore, all other scales were applied after, resulting in data for 192 sessions. (A) Top left: total painting duration (min) per session. Top right: VAS satisfaction. Satisfaction was rated on a VAS between 0 (not at all satisfied) and 10 (very satisfied). The ratings of sessions 2 and 7 are missing. Middle left: subjective level of BCI control was indicated with 0 (zero; 0%–50%), 1 (low; 50%–70%), 2 (medium; 70%–90%), and 3 (high control; 90%–100%). Middle right: relation between subjective level of BCI control and VAS satisfaction. Bottom right: VAS frustration. Frustration was rated on a VAS between 0 (not at all frustrated) and 10 (very frustrated). Bottom left: VAS enjoyment. Enjoyment was rated on a VAS between 0 (not at all enjoyed) and 10 (very enjoyed). (B) Number of sessions (192). Left: subjective level of BCI control. Middle: Loss of BCI control. The end user rated the BCI control at the end of the sessions as being worse (worse), unchanged (equal), or improved (better) compared with the beginning of the session. Right: level of exhaustion. The end user was asked to rate her experienced level of exhaustion during the Brain Painting session (low/medium/high).
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , S16-S26DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Two Brain Paintings of the end user. (A) Black hole (homage to Stephen Hawking; session 127, 61min). (B) Pandora's box reloaded (sessions 80 and 81, 97+69min). Copyright by the artist HHEM.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , S16-S26DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions