1. Australia, New Zealand and Oceania

2. Vocabulary to Know
Clan: tribal community or large group of people related to one another
Boomerang: curved throwing stick used by Aborigines for hunting in Australia
Strine: colloquial English spoken in Australia
Dominion: a partially self-governing country with close ties to another country
Horticulture: the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, and plants
trust territory: region placed by United Nations under temporary political and economic control of another country after World War II

3. Important Geographical Features
Australia & New Zealand
A. Tasmania
B. Sydney
C. Melbourne
D. Auckland
E. Christchurch
F. Wellington

4. Important Geographical Features
Oceania
A. Melanesia
B. Papua New Guinea
C. Micronesia
D. Kiribati
E. Guam
F. Mariana Islands
G. Polynesia

5. Australia & New Zealand
Population Patterns:
Australia & New Zealand
Indigenous peoples and British settlers influenced the look of modern-day Australia and New Zealand.
The people:
Aborigines—Australia’s earliest people
Maori
Europeans
Asians
Density and distribution:
Most people in Australia and New Zealand live in cities or towns along the temperate coasts.

7. Population Patterns: Oceania
Migration of people among the islands in Oceania has shaped life on the islands today.
Three major groups of people:
Melanesians
Micronesians
Polynesians
(Asian communities also live in this area)

8. Population Patterns Oceania (cont.)
Density and distribution:
A high percentage of the islands are unsuited for human habitation.
Papua New Guinea has the most people.
Nauru—the world’s smallest republic—has only 10,000 people.

9. History and Government: Australia & New Zealand
Together, but not always in agreement, indigenous people and British settlers shaped the course of history in Australia and New Zealand.
Early peoples:
Aborigines
Maori

10. History and Government Australia & New Zealand (cont.)
European exploration and settlement:
From the 1500s to the 1700s, Europeans of various nationalities explored this area.
1788–1850s—Great Britain used Australia as a colony for convicts.
The arrival of the Europeans had a disastrous impact on the Aborigines and Maori.
Early 1900s—both countries gain independence from Great Britain.
Government type:
a dominion

12. History and Government
Oceania
Outside influences on indigenous cultures have shaped Oceania’s societies.
Early Migrations
Asian migrants settled Oceania in family groups along island coasts.

13. History and Government
Oceania (cont.)
European colonization:
European’s developed commercial plantations for growing tropical products.
Late 1800s/early 1900s—Britain, France, Germany, Spain, and the U.S. struggled for control of various islands.
The two world wars also changed the course of Oceania’s history.
Since the 1970s most of these islands have been independent.

14. Figure 4

15. Culture
Indigenous cultures and European traditions shaped the present-day cultures of Australia and New Zealand. Today’s Oceanic societies have been shaped by European cultural traditions as well as indigenous practices.
Education—free, compulsory education; high literacy rates
Health care—quality health care and medical services
Indigenous peoples do not receive many of these benefits though.
Language—English, 1,200 spoken in Oceania alone; French, pidgin English

16. Culture Religion—Christianity
The arts—early peoples used art, music, dance, and storytelling to pass on knowledge; canoe making, basketry, tattooing and woodcarving
Sports and leisure—surfing, outrigger canoe racing, spear fishing