1. Macromolecules
January 11, 2019

2. I. What are macromolecules?
A. CARBOHYDRATES
B. LIPIDS
D. NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA)
C. PROTEINS

3. II. What does it mean to be organic?
Role of Carbon
Carbon has 4 valence electrons; needs to form 4 more covalent bonds to be stable
Carbon can bond with other carbon atoms and other elements
Carbon can form straight chains, branched chains, or rings

4. II. What does it mean to be organic? (cont.)
CHNOPS
The Six Most Abundant Elements of Life
Hydrocarbons: A compound that only contains the element Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H)
C and H bonded in different proportions

5. Putting things together…let’s make some MACROMOLECULES

6. IV.) Formation of Macromolecules
What are macromolecules made of?
Monomers: smaller building blocks of the macromolecules
Monomers can link together to form large polymers
AKA Macromolecules

7. B. Macromolecule Formation
Process = Dehydration Synthesis
Removal of OH + H forms water, H2O
Leaves bonding sites that join monomer units to create a polymer
Monomer OH H
H2O
Polymer

8. C. Macromolecule Destruction
Process = Hydrolysis
Break bonds between monomer units
Add OH + H to fill bonding sites & break polymer unit into monomer units again
Polymer
H2O OH H
Monomer

9. D. Macromolecule Formation/Destruction Image
MONOMERS
HYDROLYSIS
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
H2O
H2O
POLYMERS

10. Fill in Chart… For each Macromolecule
Made of (elements from CHNOPS)
Basic Unit (monomer)
Polymer unit
Function
Where found
Examples
Use pages in book and/or discuss with partner

11. Macromolecule Chart Elements Monomer Polymer Function Where Found
Examples
Carbs
C,H,O
Mono-saccharide
Poly-saccharide
Energy, Structural Support
Liver, Plants
Glucose, Starch, Glycogen
DNA
C,H,N,O,P
Nucleotide
DNA, RNA
Holds genetic information; codes for protein production
Nucleus of a cell
Found in all living things

12. Macromolecule Chart (cont.)
Elements
Monomer
Polymer
Function
Where Found
Examples
Lipids
C,H,O,P
Glycerol, Fatty Acids
Phospho-lipids, Triglycerides
Energy Storage
Cell membrane
Fats, Oils, Butter
Proteins
C,H,N,O,S
Amino Acids
Building blocks for cell, enzymes
Muscles, hair, nails, skin
Meats, Soy beans, Dairy products