1. Structure of the Cell membrane
Fluid Mosaic Model:
Bilayered: phospholipids with proteins throughout.
Selectively Permeable: allows some materials to pass through and prevents others from passing.

2. Passive Transport – cell does not use energy. Use of transport proteins.

3. Diffusion
Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Concentration Gradient:

4. Diffusion
Equilibrium:

5. Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane

6. Affects of solutions on cells
3 types of solutions
Isotonic
Hyoptonic
Hypertonic

10. Osmosis in Plants
Turger Pressure: cell swells due to increase in water moving in – hypotonic solution
Plasmolysis: water moves out of cells causing wilting – hypertonic solution

11. osmosis

12. Facilitated Diffusion
Use of proteins to move substances into or out of the cell.

13. Active Transport Requires energy
Works against or up the concentration gradient (low concentration to high)
Examples of :
sodium/potassium pump
Endocytosis : phagocytosis and pinocytosis
Exocytosis – remove waste from interior

14. sodium potassium pump
Active trans – 3 sodium ions are pumped out of the cell and 2 potassium ions are pumped in.

15. endocytosis
The movement of a large substance into a cell

16. Phagocytosis Type of endocytosis
The cell engulfing large “food”, solid material

17. Pinocytosis Form of endocytosis
When the cell engulfs liquid particles.

18. Exocytosis -