1. The American Civil War
1861–1865

2. Period Five, Part One
Polk elected President and the birth of “Manifest Destiny” to The end of the Civil War and the beginning of “Reconstruction”

3. Three Catagories: (Period Five, Part One)
Territorial Expansion and Compromises over Slavery
The 1850s (divisive decade)
The Civil War

4. Territorial Expansion (The four largest)
Northwest Territory (1787)
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Oregon Country (1846)
Mexican Cession (1848)
*biggest issue as the country expanded to the west was the expansion of slavery
1857 – Dred Scott Case: Critical ruling by the Supreme Court that slaves are not citizens and that Congress has no authority to ban slavery from the territories. Huge victory for pro-slavery forces.

5. COMPROMISES OVER SLAVERY
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Kansas Nebraska Act

6. Missouri Compromise

7. Compromise of 1850

8. Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)

9. Missouri Compromise (1820) Oregon Country (1846) (“54’40’ or fight”)
Four Major Compromises over the Extension of Slavery into the Federal Territories
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Oregon Country (1846) (“54’40’ or fight”)
Compromise of 1850
Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)

10. The 1850s
What made it such a divisive decade? Why was a Civil War inevitable after 1854?

12. The Civil War Advantages and strategies of both sides
Early years of the war ( )
Major Turning Points Emancipation Proclamation Issued (September, 1862) Gettysburg (July, 1863) Vicksburg (July, 1863)
The End Sherman’s March to the Sea (Late 1864, Early 1865)

13. Causes Slavery Sectional Differences Lifestyle Culture Economic Life
N-Finance & Manufacture
S- Crops & Agriculture

15. The Leaders Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln
President of the Confederate States of America.
Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States.
He opposed the expansion of slavery.
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16. Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy:
“Anaconda” Plan

17. Major Battles of the Civil War

18. Fort Sumter April 12, 1861
South Carolina
The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter.
Major Robert Anderson of the United States Army had moved his troops to the base because he feared a Confederate attack.
In the early morning the Confederates launched an attack.
One Confederate soldier and four Union soldiers were killed in the battle.

19. First Bull Run/Manassas July 21, 1861
Virginia
First Bull Run/Manassas July 21, 1861
The First Battle of Bull Run took place on July 21, 1861.
The battle lasted about five hours.
Union casualties were high, almost three thousand
Confederates suffered two thousand casualties.

20. Antietam September 17, 1862
Maryland
The Battle of Antietam, September 16–18, 1862
AKA the Battle of Sharpsburg
Confederate forces under Generals George McClellan and Robert E. Lee.
Federal armies brutalized the Confederacy
23,000 casualties
Bloodiest Single Day of the War

21. The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863
Significance: Changed the MEANING of the war
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
It was part of a two-part plan that guaranteed freedom to slaves in the Confederate states.
The Confederate government claimed Lincoln could not issue laws over states in which he had no political control.

22. African-American Recruiting Poster
The Famous 54th Massachusetts

23. Vicksburg May 2-July 9, 1863 Battle of Vicksburg -May 13, 1863.
Mississippi
Battle of Vicksburg -May 13, 1863.
The North and the South considered Vicksburg an important stronghold.
Union General Ulysses S. Grant launched massive assaults on Vicksburg and terrorized the inhabitants.
Turning point of the Civil War because the Union Army under Grant gained control of the Mississippi River

24. Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863
Pennsylvania
The Battle of Gettysburg began as the Battle of Vicksburg was ending.
Confederate General Lee
Union General George C. Meade’s
Meade Prevented Lee’s troops from invading the North

25. THE NORTH INITIATES THE DRAFT, 1863
Irish Immigrants and Blacks recruited in NYC

26. NYC Draft Riots, ( July 13-16, 1863

27. The Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863
Abraham Lincoln delivered this famous speech, to a crowd gathered at the dedication of Soldier’s National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

28. Sherman’s March to the Sea November 15-December 20, 1864
Union General William T. Sherman
The Union had already captured Atlanta
Sherman marched the rest of his army to the Atlantic Ocean through Savannah, Georgia.
Sherman’s troops burned buildings and infrastructures along the way, destroying many towns and cities.
Sherman’s troops defeated the depleted Confederate army and took Savannah on December 22, 1864.

29. Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865
Virginia
General Lee surrendered his Confederate army at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on April 9, 1865.
In a sign of respect, Grant allowed Lee to keep his saber and horse.

30. Assassination of Lincoln April 14, 1865
President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at the end of the Civil War.
April 14, 1865, while attending a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., with his wife and two other people.
Booth was a loyal Confederate, and he thought the Confederacy could triumph if Lincoln were dead.
Lincoln died of his fatal wound the next morning.

31. The Trial and Execution of the Conspirators
They were tried in a military tribunal court because the government deemed the nature of the case required the use of this court.
All eight were found guilty.
4 were sentenced to death by hanging.
1died in prison.
President Andrew Johnson pardoned 3 in 1869

32. Legacy of the War
The Civil War was the bloodiest war in American history.
600,000 Died
Massive inflation and Public Debt
Devastation of the South
Changing Labor Patterns and Roles for women
Passage of 13th, 14th, 15th, Amendments to the United States Constitution.
outlawed slavery, granted African Americans United States citizenship, and granted African-American males the right to vote.