1. Notes: The Civil War

2. Choosing Sides
States had to choose between seceding or staying in the Union
11 slave states seceded and formed the Confederacy
5 slave states stayed in the Union (nicknamed Border States)
19 free states stayed in the Union
Union = North
Confederacy = South

4. Reasons for the War
Southern states want to create an independent country based on plantation agriculture (cotton, sugar, rice, etc.) and slavery
The Union does not believe that States have the right to secede. The Union fights to keep the whole country together

5. The Union The North 24 states (19 free and 5 slave)
Twice as many people as the Confederacy
80% of factories were in the Union
About 70% of railroads were in the Union
Strong leadership of Abraham Lincoln
Strong navy

6. The Confederacy The South 11 slave states Very few factories
Very few railroad tracks
Less than half the population of the Union
Much of the population were unhappy slaves
Very skilled military leaders
Basically no navy at all

7. Answer the following question!
Which part of the country do you feel was more prepared for war?
Use details from the previous slides to explain your answer and give examples to support your answer.

8. Union Strategy to win Anaconda plan (to strangle the south)
1. Blockade the Confederacy so they could not sell cotton or buy supplies from Europe
2. Capture Richmond, VA (the Capital)
3. Control the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy in half

9. Anaconda Plan

10. Confederate Strategy to win
1. Defend itself until the Union got tired of the war and allowed them to be independent
2. Try to get help from England or France
Only sell them cotton if they helped to fight the Union

11. Confederate Strategy
Guns and Soldiers
Europe
Confederacy
Cotton

12. Evaluate: Which strategy do you think will be the most effective
Evaluate: Which strategy do you think will be the most effective? Explain.

13. War Facts 3 million Americans fought in the war
2 million fought for the Union
About 1 million fought for the Confederacy
Union Soldiers wore Dark Blue
Confederate Soldiers wore Gray

14. Union Soldiers

15. Confederate Soldiers

16. Susie King Taylor
Was born a slave on the Grest Plantation in Liberty County, Georgia
First African American to openly teach school to former slaves in Georgia.
Also, the first Black Army Nurse for an all black troop called the First South Carolina Volunteers

17. Dorothea Dix Born in Hampden, Maine in 1802
During the Civil War, Dorothea was responsible for setting up field hospitals and first-aid stations, recruiting nurses, and managing supplies.
Devoted most of her life to help improve the conditions of the mentally ill.

18. Pauline Cushman Born in in New Orleans in 1833.
A stage actress who later became a Union spy. She followed confederate troops in Kentucky and Tennessee.
She was caught when she was found with battle plans by a Confederate general. She had a military trial and was sentenced to death but Union troops invaded the area just three days before her scheduled hanging.

19. Clara Barton Born in Massachusetts in 1821.
President Lincoln appointed her General Correspondent for the Friends of Paroled Prisoners.
Because of her efforts, the American Red Cross was founded and she served as the first president.

20. Emancipation Proclamation
January 1st, 1863
Lincoln declares that all slaves in Confederate states are now free
Did not free slaves in the Union Border States
Did allow blacks in the Union to join the army

21. Predict: 1. How do you think Northerners will react to the Emancipation Proclamation? Explain How do you think the Confederacy will react to it? Explain.

23. Reactions to the Emancipation Proclamation
Abolitionists are happy, but also want slaves to be free in Border States
Northerners now see the war as a fight to end slavery, not just to keep the country together (extra motivation to fight)
180,000 black soldiers join Union Army
The Confederacy does not free their slaves
Confederacy declares that any black soldiers captured will either be shot or put back into slavery

24. Using the notes from the previous slide, identify 2 ways the North and Confederacy reacted to the Emancipation.

25. The War Ends
April 9th, 1865 the Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant
This was at Appomattox Court House in Virginia
The war lasted 4 years

26. Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S
Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant, ending the Civil War at Appomattox Court House

27. Appomattox Court House

28. Casualties Deadliest war in U.S. history
More died from disease than in battle
About 620,000 people died
360,000 Union soldiers died
260,000 Confederate soldiers died
535,000 were wounded in total

29. Casualties

30. Answer the following HOT Q’s
1. Why must it have been a difficult decision for free black men in the North to join the Union Army after the Emancipation Proclamation allowed them to do so?
2. How might NC be different today if The Confederacy had won the Civil War?