1. http://www. bing. com/images/search

2. Cellular Respiration

3. Vocab Cellular Respiration: breaking dwn glucose into energy
Aerobic Respiration: resp that occurs with O2
Anaerobic Respiration: resp that occurs w/o O2
Pyruvate: 3 carbon sugar
Glucose: 6 carbon sugar
Glycolysis: glucose is broken dwn to two molecules of pyruvate

4. Aerobic Respiration Occurs in three stages Glycolysis Krebs's Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

5. Can occur with or without oxygen
Aerobic Respiration: resp that occurs with O2
Three Stages:
Each stage involves a series of chem . rxns to prod. ATP for E
Stages :
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron
Transport Chain

6. Glycolysis: First Stage Aerobic
INPUT
Location: Cytosol (outside/mitoch)
Goal:
Glucose: two molecules of pyruvate
Glucose
Begin: 6-C Sugar
2 ATP molecules trnsfr a phosphate to glucose
Glucose: 2 molecules containing 3 carbons
Rearrange C atoms: pyruvate. ATP and NADH are produced
2 molecules of pyruvate formed
Pyruvate: 3 C-Sugar
Pyruvate
OUTPUT
Diagram modified by: Tiffany Adams

7. Krebs Cycle : Stage Two Krebs Cycle INPUT Pyruvate
CO2
NAD+
NADH C
Pyruvate
ADP
2ATP
INPUT
2 molecules of pyruvate enter the mitochondria
Each pyruvate is converted to a 2-C molecule
Enzymes release CO2 from pyruvate
NADH & ATP produced
Two more ATP molecules
Total ATP so far=6
Krebs Cycle
OUTPUT
Created by Tiffany Adams based on textbook Figure 7.11 page 324. BSCS Science: An Inquiry Approach. Colorado: Kendall Hunt, 2006

8. Electron Transport Chain
Uses the NADH from previous stages
NADH molecules carry the H atoms
H separated: electrons & protons
Electrons move from carrier to the next they release Energy
Protons are pumped across the membrane drives ATP production
Protons diffuse are pumped thru ATP synthase (creating the most ATP)
End: electrons and protons join with O2 to form H2O (OUTPUT)
36 ATP PRODUCED

9. Aerobic Respiration RECAP: Write this down
Occurs in three stages: Must have Oxygen
Glycolysis: glucose-pyruvate, 2 ATP
Krebs's Cycle: pyruvate-CO2, 2 ATP
ETC: NADH from previous stages, H2O -36 ATP

10. Anaerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
Fermentation

11. Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration: O2 NOT required
Glucose: pyruvate and small amount of ATP
ATP production ends glycolysis
Pyruvate is converted into other molecules (fermentation)
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Fermentation/Lactate Net ATP =2
Citric acid cycle= Krebs cycle
Net ATP=36

12. Vocab
Fermentation: a cell has a short supply of oxygen (a body is running at full speed away from a lion ) will not use anaerobic respiration but will start fermentation
Fermentation extends glycolysis with extra reactions that replenish NAD+,
Keeps glycolysis running producing small amounts of ATP.

13. Two Types of Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
happens in bacteria, fungi, and animal cells.
an anaerobic fermentation reaction
In activities that require high amount of glucose to be consumed by our muscles (exercise),
energy is obtained from anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate and the by-product is lactate

14. Two Types of Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
When we exercise, the amount of lactate produced exceeds the rate at which the muscles can remove it
leads to an uncomfortable, burning sensation in the muscles, especially those of the arms and legs, and is not responsible for the muscle soreness experienced by the person the day after.
In fact, the burning sensation is just a warning sign that we are doing something that is a bit too hot to handle for our muscles.
Lactate
The terms "lactate" and "lactic acid" are often used interchangeably, but there is a difference:
lactic acid is an acid, which means it can release a hydrogen ion and bind with a positively charged sodium or potassium ion to form an acid salt.
lactate production is part of the way your muscles get fuel to keep working, and exercising at too high an intensity for too long will lead to the buildup of lactic acid, which will make your working muscles burn.

15. Two Types of Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
similar to lactic acid fermentation
Instead of the pyruvate being reduced to lactate, it is reduced to ethanol, and lets off two molecules of CO2 along the way
Used by: bacteria and yeast (yeast are fungi, btw).
Humans "use" alcohol fermentation in another way, by using it to make bread, beer and wine.

16. Anaerobic Respiration
No Oxygen
Glycolysis extended
Fermentation
Only 2 ATP produced

17. Similarities and differences to anaerobic and aerobic respiration

18. Biosynthesis ATP provides energy for biosynthesis reactions in cells
Biosynthesis reactions form larger, more complex molecules from less-complex molecules
Ex: starch from glucose
Biosynthesis helps organisms to grow and maintain their structure
Definition provided by definition bing.com
biological production of chemical substances: the synthesis of chemical substances as the result of biological activity

19. Finish the Big Squeeze
Finish Part II – Analysis of Real World Data(on Athletes)
You need to complete the table by:
Converting to Time in seconds (s)– Careful! Time is listed in minutes and seconds from 800m on so they must first be converted entirely into seconds before you can do the following calculation…….
Finish with calculating Pace from Distance and Time data (m/sec)
Graph Data with all graphing requirements
- what is the manipulated variable on x ?
What is the dependent variable on y ?
Answer remaining questions completely on your lab write up DUE Monday at start of class!