1. B_3 Energy B-3.1-3
Standard: B-3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the flow of energy within and between living systems.
B-3.1-3
Chapter 4

2. B-3.3: Usable Energy / ATP (sec 4.1)
Explain the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph.
What is the function of respiration?
What is ATP?
Create a “T” chart to compare ATP and ADP:
Draw and label a molecule of ATP

3. Characteristic of Life: Obtain and Use Energy
Obtain Energy
Autotrophs (ex: plants) – produce food
Photosynthesis – use solar energy to make glucose
Chemosynthesis – use energy from inorganic chemical rxns
Heterotrophs (ex:animals) - consume food
Usable Energy
All living things use Respiration to break food (carbohydrates/lipids) down into usable energy (ATP – adenosine triphosphate – FUELS CELL)
Carbohydrate can yield 36 ATP per gram
Lipids can yield 146 ATP per gram
Protein same as carbs but they are needed more to make new proteins

4. ATP vs ADP ATP Adenosine Triphosphate High-energy molecule
3 phosphates
ATP carries energy, like a charged battery
Energy released when phosphate is removed
Turns into becomes ADP (dead battery)
ADP
Adenosine Diphosphate
Low-energy molecule
2 phosphates
ADP is like a dead (uncharged) battery
Absorbs energy when phosphate is added
Turns into ATP (charged battery)

5. brooklyn.cuny.edu

6. B-3.1: Photosynthesis (sec 4.2)
What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
What organelle carries out photosynthesis?
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
What is produced during the Light stage of photosynthesis?
What is produced during the Dark stage of photosynthesis?

7. Overview: Photosynthesis
How plants make food?
Photosynthesis Uses solar energy to make chemical energy (FOOD)
Autotrophs – producers
CHLOROPLAST (organelle)
Photosynthetic organelle which contains Chlorophyll (pigment that absorbs light)
Chemical EQUATION
CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
REACTANTS: carbon dioxide, water
PRODUCTS: glucose, oxygen
Solar energy converts carbon dioxide and water and into FOOD (glucose) and oxygen

8. sustainability.psa-peugeot-citroen.com

9. Stage 1 Light-Dependent
Solar Energy absorbed (requires sunlight)
Water (H2O) broken down…
ATP / NADPH (high energy molecules) produced
Products:
Oxygen (waste product)
ATP and NADPH (energy for stage 2)

10. Stage 2 Light-Independent (DARK)
No sunlight required
CO2 enters Calvin Cycle to make glucose
Energy from stage 1 (ATP/NADPH) fuel Calvin cycle
Products
Glucose (C6H12O6 ) – chemical energy/ food
ADP and NADP+ - low energy (uncharged battery)

11. 1mkturin.wordpress.com
VIDEO (7min)

12. 1mkturin.wordpress.com
VIDEO (7min)

13. B-3.2: Cell Respiration (sec 4.5,6)
Make a “T” chart comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
What is glycolysis?
Which stages take place in the mitochondria?
Explain examples of…
Alcohol fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation

14. Overview: Respiration
How all living things obtain ATP?
Plants and Animals use (cellular) respiration to break down FOOD into usable energy (ATP) to fuel their cells.
Fermentation-Anaerobic only makes 2 ATP
Cell Respiration-Aerobic makes 36 ATP
MITOCHONDRIA (organelle)
Aerobic cell respiration occurs when oxygen is present – energy generator!
Chemical EQUATION:
02 + C6H12O6 → CO2 + H2O + ATP
REACTANTS: oxygen, glucose (food)
PRODUCTS: carbon dioxide, water, ENERGY
Break down of food to produce ENERGY

15. Photosynthesis vs Cell respiration
Produces
FOOD
Breaks FOOD down
unknown source

16. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Requires OXYGEN CELL RESPIRATION Stages
Glycolysis
Kreb Cycle
Electron Transport
Produces:
Water
CO2
36 molecules of ATP
No OXYGEN present
FERMENTATION
Stages
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Alcohol Fermentation OR
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Produces:
Ethyl Alcohol or Lactic Acid
CO2
Only 2 molecules of ATP

18. STAGES: Cellular Respiration (aerobic)
Aerobic – when Oxygen is present!
02 + C6H12O6 → CO2 + H2O + ATP
1. Glycolysis (anaerobic… does not use O2)
Break down of glucose
Glucose → PYRUVIC ACID + 2 ATP
Location: Cytoplasm (fluid space of cell)
2. Kreb Cycle (aerobic)
Pyruvic Acid → CO2 + 2 ATP
Location: MITOCHONDRIA
3. Electron Transport Chain (aerobic)
H2 + O2 → WATER (H2O) + 32 ATP

20. STAGES: Fermentation (anaerobic)
PURPOSE: Breaks down food for ENERGY w/out oxygen
GLYCOLYSIS (anaerobic… does not use O2)
Glucose → PYRUVIC ACID + 2 ATP
Location: Cytoplasm (fluid space of cell)
FERMENTATION (no OXYGEN)... (cytoplasm)
LACTIC ACID:
Pyruvic Acid → Lactic Acid + CO2
EX: produced by muscles during exercise; oxygen debt… this causes muscle fatigue & soreness…
ETHYL ALCOHOL:
Pyruvic Acid → Ethyl Alcohol + CO2
EX: produced by yeast; baking & brewing