1. Progressive Era
Review Session

2. What is Reform? In Order to Reform, you Must First Inform Reform
Bringing about change to a social problem or concern
Progressive
Moving forward, bringing about change
Public Interest
Gilded Age
Term that implies a “false sense of good.” Extreme poverty hidden by a few wealthy Americans.
Impact of Progressive Movement
Increased government regulation of business
Response from problems created by industrialization
Government should act to eliminate worst abused from the industrial society
In Order to Reform, you Must First Inform

3. Progressive Era Amendments
16th Amendment
Imposing an income tax on Americans
17th Amendment
Direct election of U.S. Senators
18th Amendment
Prohibition of Alcohol
19th Amendment
National Woman’s Suffrage (right to vote)

4. Election Reforms (PIRR)
Primary Election
Allow voters to choose a party’s candidates for elected office
Initiative
Allows voters to initiate or propose a bill to the state legislature
Referendum
Allows voters to vote on proposed legislation
Recall
Allows voters to remove an elected official from office
The goal of these reforms was to give more power to the people and involve voters more directly in the political process

5. Problems that needed fixing
Big City Political bosses
Took advantage of inner city poor and immigrants
More power to the people
Voting- more say in who runs our government
City living
Tenements, poor working conditions
Child Labor
Compulsory (required) Education, labor unions fight

6. Civil Service Act (Pendleton Act)
Act passed requiring job seekers to pass an exam to prove competency
Set up to end the Spoils System and fill vacant jobs based upon qualifications for the position
Spoils System – giving government jobs to followers, not based on qualification

7. Federal Reserve Act
Regulated banking in the United States

8. Women’s Rights Movement
1848 – Seneca Falls Convention
Seneca Falls, NY (Anthony and Stanton)
Beginning of an organized Women’s Rights Movement
Declaration of Sentiments
Modeled after the Declaration of Independence
Proclaimed the rights and grievances of women
Proclaimed men and women equal
Publicized the need for women’s rights
Many years of struggle led to 19th Amendment (right to vote) for women
Many women in the West could vote before 19th Amendment
Alice Paul
Picketed the White House, hunger strike, force fed
Carrie Chapman Catt
Led state by state campaigns to get the 19th Amendment passed

9. Temperance Movement
Movement to abolish the sale of alcohol in the United States- led by Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Carry “The Hatchet” Nation
Publically raided saloons
Many leaders were women due to the affect of alcohol on families
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol

10. Muckrakers Muckrakers
Writers (journalists) and critics who exposed corruption and abuses in industry, government and society
Primary goal was to bring about social reform and change
Helped encourage government to pass laws to protect consumers and reform problems in American society

11. Muckrakers Thomas Nast Political cartoonist
All could understand cartoons- even if they could not read
Exposed corrupt city governments
Exposed Boss Tweed, NYC, stole $100 million from tax payers and took advantage of immigrants and the city poor

12. Muckrakers Upton Sinclair Wrote “The Jungle”
Exposed problems (unsanitary conditions) in the meat-packing industry in Chicago, IL
Resulted in the Meat Inspection Act (1906) and Pure Food and Drug Act

13. Muckrakers Jacob Riis Immigrant- arrived at age 21
Took pictures exposing city life
Wrote “How the Other Half Lives”
Exposed the living conditions of immigrants and the poor in city tenement buildings

14. Muckrakers Ida Tarbell Helped bring an end to the Standard Oil Trust
John Rockefeller
Did research on Rockefeller and his practices

15. Theodore Roosevelt Progressive President Trust Buster (bad trusts)
Laws preventing unfair business practices
First president to side with labor (workers) over business owners
Conservationist
Incorporated several different political ideas
Pure Food and Drug Act/Meat Inspection Act

16. Other Reformers Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Dubois Woodrow Wilson
Believed in the power of education to bring about equality
W.E.B. Dubois
NAACP
Demanded equality immediately
Woodrow Wilson
New Freedom
Elected 1912

18. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years; and each senator shall have one vote.
-United States Constitution (1787)
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each senator shall have one vote.
-17th Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913)

19. “…We therefore formulate, and for ourselves adopt the following pledge, asking our sisters and brothers of a common danger and a common hope, to make common cause with us, in working its reasonable and helpful precepts [principles] into the practice of everyday life.
I hereby solemnly promise, God helping me, to abstain from all distilled, fermented and malt liquors, including wine, beer and cider, and to employ all proper means to discourage the use of and traffic in the same.…”-National Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, 1908 (adapted)

20. Main Idea?
“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex…”

24. Main Idea?

25. Main idea and outcome?

26. “In short, our aim should be, not to destroy, but effectively…to regulate and control, in the public interest, the great instrumentalities (corporations) of modern business…” Theodore Roosevelt, 1913