1.
CELL MEMBRANE

2.
CELL SONG

3. 4-2 PARTS OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELL
A. CELL MEMBRANE
Selectively permeable
1. Membrane lipids
both sides of cell surrounded by water; polar hydrophilic phosphate heads orient themselves toward the water; nonpolar, hydrophobic fatty acid tails make up the interior of the membrane and orient themselves AWAY from water
phospholipids form a bilayer;
cholesterol also found among fatty acid tails

4. 2. Membrane Proteins
some are attached to inner or outer surface of membrane – peripheral proteins
others embedded in the membrane and span membrane – integral proteins
integral proteins often have carbohydrates attached to them on the exterior face of the cell – these function as
receptors, or for cellular recognition sites –
form “fuzzy coat” or glycocalyx

5. 3. Fluid Mosaic Model
membrane is fluid in nature and allows for
lateral movement of the lipids and proteins

7. NUCLEUS
Control center of the cell
Surrounded by a double membrane , nuclear envelope (or nuclear membrane), with small holes within (nuclear pores)
Chromatin – strands of DNA and protein; when cell is dividing, chromatin coils up and compacts into chromosomes
Nucleolus is where ribosomes are assembled; stains darkly

8. C. ORGANELLES
contained in the cytosol, a gelatin like fluid
containing ions, and organic molecules

9. 1. Mitochondria
site of ATP synthesis
energy of ATP fuels most of the chemical reactions
in a cell
surrounded by a double membrane; outer membrane
serves as a boundary and inner membrane is highly
folded to form cristae, which increase the
surface area available for chemical reactions that
occur in the mito

11. 2. Ribosomes
NOT surrounded by a membrane
Made up of RNA and protein, assembled in
the nucleolus, shipped out through
nuclear pores and are found attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum (exported or become
inserted into membrane) or free floating
(proteins made on these remain in
the cell interior for use by the cell)

13. 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
a system of membranous tubules and sacs that
function as an intracellular (within the cell) highway
smooth ER synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates,
breaks down toxic substances
rough ER makes proteins for export or proteins to
be inserted into membranes

16. GOLGI APPARATUS
A system of flattened stacks of membranes that process, package and secrete biomolecules for export (proteins, lipids and carbohydrates)

19. 5. Lysosomes
- membrane bound organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, old organelles, viruses and bacteria
- rarely found in plant cells

20. 6. Peroxisomes – oxidize toxic substances (H2O2) using various enzymes (catalase)

21. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

22. CYTOSKELETON
- internal framework of protein strands (NOT surrounded by a membrane) that support cell and help move organelles and vesicles in the cell
- microfilaments – many actin molecules linked to form a chain; smallest strands in cytoskeleton
- microtubules – largest – hollow tubes – compose cytoskeleton, and arranged to form centrioles (assist in cell division) and cilia and flagella (cell movement)

25. 9. CILIA AND FLAGELLA
nine pairs of microtubules arranged around a central pair
Short numerous ones – cilia; in unicellular organisms, cover exterior of cell and aid in locomotion; in human respiratory tract, they trap airborne particles and propel them back into throat
Longer – flagella; swiftly propel unicellular organisms and specialized cells of multicellular organisms (sperm cells)

29. PLANT CELLS