1. Classification & Evolution

2. Classification Developed the 1st system
Aristotle thought organisms were grouped into plants OR animals
Animals grouped based on movement – those that could fly, swim or walk, crawl or run
Then divided those into subgroups based off of similarities

3. Current Classification
Organisms grouped by characteristics that they share
Domains are the broadest groups – they are divided into smaller specific groups
The more classification levels two organisms share, the more characteristics they share and the more closely related they are.

5. Grouping
Why do we group organisms?

6. Why do we have universal scientific names? NO USE for COMMON Names
“football”
“ratchet”

7. Hierarchy of Classification
Largest to smallest
(DOMAIN)
KINGDOM
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species

8. Binomial Nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus came up with a 2 name system to “sort out” organisms based on shared traits.
Genus + species
Ursus arctos
Ursus maritimus
Ursus americanus
Genus = Capitalized
Species = lower case
Very specific
Written in Latin

9. The first part of the organism’s scientific name is its genus.
Genus is a classification grouping that contains
similar, closely related organisms.
Canis
lupus

10. The 2nd part is the Species
Species – a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring
lupus
Canis

11. Dichotomous Key
Used to help identify organisms based on classifications of characteristics
A “choose-your-way” model

12. Checking for Understanding…
CLASSWORK
Checking for Understanding…

13. BOTH BOTH NO PROKARYOTIC AUTOtroph BOTH YES Some Some Some YES
Kingdom
Archae-bacteria
Eu-bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Single-celled or Multicellular?
Membrane bound nucleus? (prokaryotic, eukaryotic)
Nutrition (autotrophic, heterotrophic)
Cell Wall structure
Chloroplasts?
UNICELLULAR
BOTH
BOTH NO
PROKARYOTIC
AUTO-troph
AUTOtroph
BOTH
YES
YES
Some
Some
Some
YES

14. What is this?????

15. Bacteria
Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Cocci, Rod, & Spirilla
Autotrophic

16. What is this?????

17. Combination of BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Protista
Combination of BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic
*merges both cell types
Algae, protazoa, slime mold, diatoms, dinoflagelletes.
meaning their DNA is enclosed in a nucleus inside the cell (unlike bacteria, which are prokaryotic <pro-carry-ah-tick> and have no nucleus to enclose their DNA. They’re not plants, animals or fungi, but they act enough like them that scientists believe protists paved the way for the evolution of early plants, animals, and fungi. Protists fall into four general subgroups: unicellular algae, protozoa, slime molds, and water molds

18. What is this?????

19. Fungi Multi-cellular Eukaryotic HETEROTROPH Is NOT a plant!!!!!
decomposer
Is NOT a plant!!!!!
Has a CELL WALL
chitin

20. Closure…..

21. Animalia 4 kinds: Annelid Insecta Amphibian Mammal
Multicellular, Eukaryotic, & Heterotrophic
4 kinds:
Annelid
Insecta
Amphibian
Mammal

22. Annelids Multi-cellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic
Wet, moist skin (respiratory)
CLOSED Circulatory System
Blood enclosed in veins and arties

23. Insecta Multi-cellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Metamorphosis
(egg, larva, pupa, adult)
OPEN Circulatory System
Blood “free flows” in body

24. Amphibian “DUAL –LIFE” Multi-cellular Eukaryotic/Heterotrophic
3 chamber HEART
Wet, moist skin AND lungs (respiratory)
Metamorphosis (egg, tadpole, & adult)
CLOSED Circulatory System
Blood enclosed in veins and arties

25. Mammalia Multi-cellular Eukaryotic/Heterotrophic 4 Chamber HEART
Hairy/Fur
Mammary glands for milk
Live-Birth
CLOSED Circulatory System
Blood enclosed in veins and arties

26. What are these?????

27. Plantae 2 kinds: Non-Vascular Vascular Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
AUTO-trophic
2 kinds:
Non-Vascular
Vascular
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Vascular (seed/seedless)

28. Non-Vascular Plants 1st to appear on Earth Examples: Characteristics
Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
Characteristics
NO true roots, stems, and leaves
NO vascular system (to transport water and nutrients)
Obtain water through osmosis and nutrients through diffusion
REQUIRES WATER for reproduction; sperm swim to egg; spores

29. Vascular Plants Contains vascular tissue
Xylem- transports water (roots to leaves)
Phloem- transports food (leaves to everywhere)
HAS:
Roots, Stems, & Leaves (photosynthesis)
Examples:
Ferns (Seedless)
Conifers (Gymnosperms)
Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

30. Vascular Bundle

31. Ferns Vascular Reproduction:
Spores (no seeds)
Requires a moist environment for reproduction

32. Gymnosperms CONIFER “cone” Seeds produced on cones or scales
Naked seed
Pollen (sperm)
Seeds produced on cones or scales
WIND pollinated

33. Angiosperms Flowers and fruits Animal (insect/bird) pollinated
Covered seed
Pollen (sperm)
Animal (insect/bird) pollinated
Monocot, Dicot.

35. Closure…