1. Adjectives Accusative Nouns
Lesson II: Sicilia
Adjectives
Accusative Nouns

2. fama
famae f.
report, fame

3. familia
familiae f.
family

4. fortuna
fortunae f.
fortune, luck

5. puella
puellae f.
girl

6. terra
terrae f.
earth, land

7. vita
vitae f.
life

8. bonus, bona, bonum
good

9. durus, dura, durum
hard

10. great, large, big
magnus, magna, magnum

11. parvus, parva, parvum
small, little

12. amant
they love, like

13. portant
they carry

14. An adjective is a word used to describe a noun. We say that an
adjective modifies its noun.
In English, an adjective does not change. We say “the good
dog” or “the good dogs” but not “the goods dogs.”
But in Latin, an adjective changes its ending to agree with
the noun it modifies in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE.
Think GNC!
Gender: masculine, feminine, neuter
Number: singular, plural
Case: Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative.

15. In Latin, adjectives usually follow their nouns, but because an adjective must
agree with its noun in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE, its
position is less important than in English.
magna silva a large forest
magnae silvae large forests
aquam bonam good water
Remember, the noun is the boss! Whatever gender, number, and case the noun is, the adjective must be also.

16. An adjective may be used directly with a noun, as in the previous examples,
or it may be used in the predicate, like this:
Magna famila est bona. A large family is good.
Magnae silvae sunt bonae Large forests are good.
The vocabulary lists and Latin dictionaries will give you the 3 nominative
forms of Latin adjectives: masculine, feminine, and neuter.
It’s important to learn all 3 of these.
parvus, parva, parvum small
magnus, magna, magnum great, large

17. Time To Practice!
Workbook page 7, #’s 1-5.

18. fama
famae f.
report, fame

19. familia
familiae f.
family

20. fortuna
fortunae f.
fortune, luck

21. puella
puellae f.
girl

22. terra
terrae f.
earth, land

23. vita
vitae f.
life

24. bonus, bona, bonum
good

25. durus, dura, durum
hard

26. magnus, magna, magnum
great, large, big

27. parvus, parva, parvum
small, little

28. amant
they love, like

29. portant
they carry

30. Finding Direct Objects
A direct object follows an ACTION verb (not a linking verb like “is” and “are”).
The direct object is the noun that receives the action of the verb.
The girl pets the cat.
(Ask: what does the girl pet?)
Direct object: CAT
The boy feeds the dog.
(Ask: what does the boy feed?)
Direct object: DOG

31. Finding Direct Objects
The choir sang a song.
Subject----choir
Direct object----song
The paramedic drove the ambulance.
Subject---paramedic
Direct object---ambulance
The girls like the forest.
Subject----girls
Direct object----forest

32. The Accusative Case
The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence.
Remember that the accusative endings of the first declension nouns you’ve learned so far have –am in the singular and –as in the plural.
Case Singular Plural
Nominative a ae
Genitive ae arum
Dative ae is
Accusative am as
Ablative a is

33. Accusative Direct Objects
The girls like the forest.
What is the subject? Girls
Girls=Subject
Subject=Nominative
Girls=Nominative
What is the direct object? Forest
Forest=direct object
Direct Object=accusative
Forest=accusative
Puellae silvam amant.
Case Singular Plural
Nominative a ae
Genitive ae arum
Dative ae is
Accusative am as
Ablative a is

34. Time to practice!
Tell the case, number, and ending for the red words in these sentences:
The girl is my friend.
Shelia is a girl.
The girls went to the mall.
I saw the girls at the mall.
sg. -a
nominative
nominative
sg. -a
nominative
pl.
-ae
accusative
pl.
-as
Case Singular Plural
Nominative (subject) a ae
Genitive ae arum
Dative ae is
Accusative (direct obj.) am as
Ablative a is

35. Practicing Accusative Direct Objects
Case Singular Plural
Nominative a ae
Genitive ae arum
Dative ae is
Accusative am as
Ablative a is
The girls like water.
Puellae aqu__ amant.
The families carry water.
Familiae aqu__ portant.
The girls like the roads.
Puellae vi__ amant.
The families carry the girls.
Familiae puell__ portant. am am as as

36. What if we took 3 words and just scrambled their order
without changing their endings?
Puellae silvam amant.
Puellae amant silvam.
Silvam puellae amant.
Amant puellae silvam.
Amant silvam puellae.
ALL THESE SENTENCES MEAN
“THE GIRLS LIKE THE FOREST.” 
In Latin, WORD ENDINGS are more important than WORD ORDER.
Sometimes word order does follow certain rules, esp. in longer sentences.
Remember: Endings are everything!!!

37. Cornelia et Iulia familiam amant.
Translate the following sentences. “Cornelia” and “Iulia” are
girls’ names.
Cornelia et Iulia familiam amant.
Cornelia et Iulia familiam parvam amant.
Cornelia et Iulia aquam portant.
Cornelia et Iulia aquam bonam portant.

38. fama
famae f.
report, fame

39. familia
familiae f.
family

40. fortuna
fortunae f.
fortune, luck

41. puella
puellae f.
girl

42. terra
terrae f.
earth, land

43. vita
vitae f.
life

44. bonus, bona, bonum
good

45. durus, dura, durum
hard

46. magnus, magna, magnum
great, large, big

47. parvus, parva, parvum
small, little

48. amant
they love, like

49. portant
they carry

50. Sicilia
Sicilia est insula magna in Europa.
Magna est fama Siciliae (of Sicily), sed fortuna
Siciliae (of Sicily) non bona est.
In Sicilia vita est dura.
Terra et aqua sunt bonae, sed familiae sunt magnae.
Magnae silvae in Sicilia non sunt.
Viae non bonae sed parvae sunt.
Vita est dura in Sicilia, et fortuna non bona est.
In Sicilia sunt parvae et magnae puellae.
Parvae puellae pupas (dolls) amant.
Magnae puellae aquam portant.
Familiae puellas amant.
Familiae Siciliam et famam Siciliae (of Sicily) amant, sed
fortunam duram non amant.