1. Warm-Up 9/8/17
Make sure you have your notebook opened to page 5; please write the questions below in green and your answers.

2. Announcements Unit 01 Test is NEXT Friday, 9/15/17 in class.
Progress Report #1 Grades are cut off NEXT Friday 9/15.
Open House is Next Monday (9/11/17) from 5:30 to 7:00 pm!

3. Gilded Age: Industrialism Notes
pg. 20 in your spiral

4. Section 1: The Expansion of Industry
In the years following the Civil War, the United States became the leading industrial power in the world. This industrial boom is going to be due to several factors:
Natural resources
Government support for business
Growing urban populations

5. Section 1: The Expansion of Industry
Edwin L. Drake develops and uses a steam engine to drill for oil in Pennsylvania.
The United States had abundant natural resources such as coal and iron.
The Bessemer Process was developed by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly around 1850.
This technique involved injecting air into molten iron to remove carbon and other impurities.

6. Section 1: The Expansion of Industry
In 1876, Thomas Edison establishes the world’s first research laboratory.
He patents the light bulb in 1880.
Innovated Inventions:
Christopher Sholes- invents the typewriter in 1867.
Alexander Graham Bell- invents the telephone in 1876.
Industrialization is going to help improve the standard of living in the U.S.
By 1890, the standard work week had been reduced by about ten hours.

7. Section 2: The Age of Railroads
The railroads are going to provide several things for society:
Jobs
Transportation
Communication
The railways also caused several casualties and injuries throughout the years.

8. Section 2: The Age of Railroads
Due to the completion of the transcontinental railroad, the United States decided to align their clocks with time zones.
In 1869, the Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific time zones.

9. Section 2: The Age of Railroads
In 1887, Congress passes the Interstate Commerce Act.
This act established the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities and established a five member Interstate Commerce Commission for the purpose.

10. Section 3: Big Business and Labor
Andrew Carnegie- a 19th century industrialist who gave money to the public to build libraries, fine arts venues, etc.
Mainly worked in the steel industry.
Considered to be a great philanthropist.
Vertical integration- a company’s taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product.

11. Section 3: Big Business and Labor
Horizontal integration- the merging of companies that make similar products.
Social Darwinism- an economic and social philosophy- supposedly based on the biologist Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection- holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest.

12. Section 3: Big Business and Labor
John D. Rockerfeller- established Standard Oil Company
Sherman Antitrust Act- passed in 1890, this act made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries.

13. Section 3: Big Business and Labor
Labor Unions became popular for the skilled and unskilled industrial workers in the late 19th century.
American Federation of Labor- an alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886.
Many of these labor unions would lead to strikes; workers would argue and call for higher wages and would not work until their demands were met.
The Great Strike of in July 1877, the workers for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad went on strike for higher wages. Railways were empty for more than a week.

14. Please Write this Down!
Chinese Exclusion Act-1882 banned Chinese immigration to the U.S.
Pullman Riot-1894 national railroad strike
Haymarket Riot bombing at Haymarket Square in Chicago; workers were striking for an 8 hour work day

15. APPARTS Analysis Strategy-pg.14