1. UNDERACHIEVER Chapter 13
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Presented by
Darlene Hickman

2. DEFINITION
A discrepancy between school performance and some index of actual ability
1.Test scores
2. IQ scores
3. Achievement test scores
4. Creativity test scores
5. Observation

3. Characteristics Low self-esteem Defensive avoidance Deficiencies:
1. Skills
2. Study habits
3. Peer acceptance
4. School concentration
5.Discipline

4. Causes Family Dynamics Identification and modeling
Manipulative rituals
Counteridentification

5. Causes cont. School Dynamics Climate Inflexible classrooms
Competitive classrooms
Negative expectations
Unrewarding curriculum
Unmatched efforts and outcomes

6. Reversing Underachievement
Underachievement is learned

7. Underachievement can be unlearned!

8. Reversing Six Steps Assessment Communication Changing Expectations
Role Model Identification
Correction of Deficiencies
Modifications of Reinforcements